# 检查Linux系统硬件信息
# 检查内存大小
$ free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 64G 2.0G 58G 1.5G 4.0G 60G
Swap: 32G 0B 32G

# 检查CPU核心数
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep “processor” | wc -l
16

# 检查磁盘信息（包括ASM磁盘）
$ fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500 GiB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x12345678

Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 409600 200M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 411648 42393599 41981952 20G 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 42393600 1048575999 1006182400 480G 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 200 GiB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc: 500 GiB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sdd: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

# 使用root用户执行
# 安装Oracle 11gR2所需的依赖包
$ yum install -y binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb libX11 libXau libXi libXtst make nfs-utils net-tools openssh-clients openssl oracleasm-support unixODBC unixODBC-devel

# 安装Grid Infrastructure所需的依赖包
$ yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel libasm-devel

# 关闭防火墙
$ systemctl stop firewalld
$ systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭SELinux临时生效
$ setenforce 0

# 永久关闭SELinux
$ vi /etc/selinux/config
# 修改SELINUX=disabled

# 验证SELinux状态
$ getenforce
Permissive

# 检查透明大页状态
$ cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
[always] madvise never

# 禁用透明大页
$ vi /etc/default/grub
# 在GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX中添加：transparent_hugepage=never

# 重新生成grub配置文件
$ grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

# 重启系统使配置生效
$ reboot

# 验证透明大页状态
$ cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
always madvise [never]

# 配置主机名
$ hostnamectl set-hostname fgedudb01.fgedu.net.cn

# 配置/etc/hosts文件
$ vi /etc/hosts
# 添加以下内容
192.168.1.51 fgedudb01.fgedu.net.cn fgedudb01

# 验证主机名和IP
$ hostname
fgedudb01.fgedu.net.cn

$ ping -c 3 fgedudb01

# 创建Oracle安装所需的组
$ groupadd oinstall
$ groupadd dba
$ groupadd oper
$ groupadd asmdba
$ groupadd asmoper
$ groupadd asmadmin

# 创建Oracle用户并设置密码
$ useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba oracle
$ passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password: Oracle123
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: Oracle123
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

# 创建Grid用户并设置密码
$ useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba grid
$ passwd grid
Changing password for user grid.
New password: Grid123
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: Grid123
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

# 验证用户和组
$ id oracle
uid=1000(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1001(dba),1002(oper),1003(asmdba)

$ id grid
uid=1001(grid) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1003(asmdba),1004(asmadmin),1005(asmoper)

# 配置内核参数
$ vi /etc/sysctl.conf
# 添加以下内容
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 137438953472
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

# 使内核参数生效
$ sysctl -p

# 配置Oracle和Grid用户的资源限制
$ vi /etc/security/limits.conf
# 添加以下内容
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768

grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
grid hard stack 32768

# 配置PAM认证模块
$ vi /etc/pam.d/login
# 添加以下内容
session required pam_limits.so

# 配置shell限制
$ vi /etc/profile
# 在文件末尾添加以下内容
if [ $USER = “oracle” ] || [ $USER = “grid” ]; then
if [ $SHELL = “/bin/ksh” ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi

# 为ASM磁盘创建分区
$ fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-419430399, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-419430399, default 419430399):
Using default value 419430399
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 200 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

# 为其他ASM磁盘创建分区（sdc和sdd）
$ fdisk /dev/sdc
$ fdisk /dev/sdd

# 配置Oracle ASM
$ oracleasm configure -i

Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.

This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values
will be shown in brackets (‘[]’). Hitting without typing an
answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.

Default user to own the driver interface [grid]:
grid
Default group to own the driver interface [asmadmin]:
asmadmin
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [y]:
y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]:
y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done

# 启动Oracle ASM服务
$ systemctl enable oracleasm
$ systemctl start oracleasm

# 创建ASM磁盘
$ oracleasm createdisk DATA01 /dev/sdb1
Marking disk “DATA01” as an ASM disk

$ oracleasm createdisk DATA02 /dev/sdc1
Marking disk “DATA02” as an ASM disk

$ oracleasm createdisk FRA01 /dev/sdd1
Marking disk “FRA01” as an ASM disk

# 列出ASM磁盘
$ oracleasm listdisks
DATA01
DATA02
FRA01

# Oracle 11gR2 Grid Infrastructure Linux 64位安装包
# linux.x64_11gR2_grid.zip

# Oracle 11gR2 Database Linux 64位安装包
# linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
# linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

# 下载完成后，将安装包上传到/oracle/software目录
$ mkdir -p /oracle/software
$ cd /oracle/software

# 创建Grid用户的安装目录
$ mkdir -p /oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid
$ chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/grid
$ chmod -R 775 /oracle/app/grid

# 创建Oracle用户的安装目录
$ mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
$ mkdir -p /oracle/app/oraInventory
$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/oracle
$ chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/oraInventory
$ chmod -R 775 /oracle/app

# 解压Grid安装包
$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_grid.zip
$ chown -R grid:oinstall grid

# 解压Database安装包
$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
$ chown -R oracle:oinstall database

# 切换到Grid用户
$ su – grid

# 配置环境变量
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
# 添加以下内容
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/grid
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid
ORACLE_SID=+ASM
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH

# 使环境变量生效
$ source ~/.bash_profile

# 验证环境变量
$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid

$ echo $ORACLE_SID
+ASM

# 启动Grid Infrastructure安装向导
$ cd /oracle/software/grid
$ ./runInstaller

图形化安装步骤：
步骤1：配置安全更新 – 取消勾选”I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support” – 点击”Next”

步骤2：选择安装选项 – 选择”Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server” – 点击”Next”

步骤3：选择产品语言 – 选择”Simplified Chinese”和”English” – 点击”Next”

步骤4：选择ASM磁盘组 –
磁盘组名称：OCRVOTE
冗余级别：External (None)
选择磁盘：DATA01
点击”Next”

步骤5：指定ASM密码 –
选择”Use same passwords for these accounts”
输入密码：Grid123
点击”Next”（可能会提示密码不符合复杂度要求，点击”Yes”继续）

步骤6：指定故障转移和存储联系人 – 点击”Next”

步骤7：指定安装位置 –
Oracle Base: /oracle/app/grid
Software Location: /oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid
点击”Next”

步骤8：选择配置类型 – 点击”Next”

步骤9：执行先决条件检查 –
检查完成后，点击”Next”

步骤10：安装产品 –
点击”Finish”开始安装

步骤11：执行配置脚本 –
安装过程中会提示执行脚本，以root用户执行：
# /oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
# /oracle/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
执行完成后，点击”OK”继续

步骤12：完成安装 –
安装完成后，点击”Close”

# 启动ASM Configuration Assistant
$ su – grid
$ asmca

图形化配置步骤：
步骤1：选择”Disk Groups” – 点击”Create”

步骤2：创建数据磁盘组 –
磁盘组名称：DGFGDATA01
冗余级别：External (None)
选择磁盘：DATA02
点击”OK”

步骤3：创建归档磁盘组 –
磁盘组名称：DGFGARCH
冗余级别：External (None)
选择磁盘：FRA01
点击”OK”

步骤4：完成配置 – 点击”Exit”

# 验证ASM磁盘组
$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> lsdg
State Type Rebal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Voting_files Name
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 199808 199712 0 199712 0 Y OCRVOTE/
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 499520 499424 0 499424 0 N DGFGDATA01/
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 99904 99808 0 99808 0 N DGFGARCH/

# 切换到Oracle用户
$ su – oracle

# 配置环境变量
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
# 添加以下内容
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=fgedudb
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH

# 使环境变量生效
$ source ~/.bash_profile

# 验证环境变量
$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

$ echo $ORACLE_SID
fgedudb

# 启动Oracle数据库安装向导
$ cd /oracle/software/database
$ ./runInstaller

图形化安装步骤：
步骤1：配置安全更新 – 取消勾选”I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support” – 点击”Next”

步骤2：选择安装选项 – 选择”Create and configure a database” – 点击”Next”

步骤3：选择安装类型 – 选择”Server Class” – 点击”Next”

步骤4：选择配置类型 – 选择”Single instance database installation” – 点击”Next”

步骤5：选择安装类型 – 选择”Advanced installation” – 点击”Next”

步骤6：选择产品语言 – 选择”Simplified Chinese”和”English” – 点击”Next”

步骤7：选择数据库版本 – 选择”Enterprise Edition” – 点击”Next”

步骤8：指定安装位置 –
Oracle Base: /oracle/app/oracle
Oracle Home: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
点击”Next”

步骤9：选择配置类型 – 选择”General Purpose/Transaction Processing” – 点击”Next”

步骤10：指定数据库标识符 –
Global Database Name: fgedudb
SID: fgedudb
点击”Next”

步骤11：指定配置选项 –
Memory: 选择”Use Automatic Memory Management”，设置为物理内存的70%
Character Sets: 选择”Use Unicode (AL32UTF8)”
Database Sample Schemas: 勾选”Create database with sample schemas”
点击”Next”

步骤12：指定管理选项 –
选择”Use Database Control for database management”
勾选”Enable Email Notification”（可选）
点击”Next”

步骤13：指定数据库存储选项 – 选择”Automatic Storage Management (ASM)” –
选择磁盘组：DGFGDATA01
点击”Next”

步骤14：指定快速恢复区 –
快速恢复区：DGFGARCH
快速恢复区大小：50GB
点击”Next”

步骤15：指定数据库方案密码 –
选择”Use the same password for all accounts”
输入密码：Oracle123
点击”Next”（可能会提示密码不符合复杂度要求，点击”Continue”继续）

步骤16：执行先决条件检查 –
检查完成后，点击”Next”

步骤17：安装产品 –
点击”Finish”开始安装

步骤18：执行配置脚本 –
安装过程中会提示执行脚本，以root用户执行：
# /oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
# /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
执行完成后，点击”OK”继续

步骤19：完成安装 –
安装完成后，点击”Close”

# 数据库创建日志位置
/oracle/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/fgedudb/fgedudb.log

# 数据库创建完成后，系统会显示Enterprise Manager URL
https://fgedudb01:1158/em

# 以Oracle用户执行Net Configuration Assistant
$ su – oracle
$ netca

# 选择”Listener Configuration” – 点击”Next”
# 选择”Reconfigure” – 点击”Next”
# 选择监听程序名称（LISTENER） – 点击”Next”
# 选择协议（TCP） – 点击”Next”
# 指定端口号（默认1521） – 点击”Next”
# 完成配置

# 验证监听程序状态
$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 – Production on 02-APR-2026 20:00:00

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=fgedudb01.fgedu.net.cn)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
————————
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 – Production
Start Date 02-APR-2026 19:00:00
Uptime 0 days 1 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/fgedudb01/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary…
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=fgedudb01.fgedu.net.cn)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary…
Service “fgedudb” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “fgedudb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “fgedudbXDB” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “fgedudb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully

# 配置ASM自动启动
$ su – grid
$ crsctl enable has

# 配置数据库自动启动
$ su – oracle
$ srvctl add database -d fgedudb -o /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 -p +DGFGDATA01/fgedudb/spfilefgedudb.ora
$ srvctl enable database -d fgedudb

# 验证配置
$ srvctl status database -d fgedudb
Database is running

# 连接到数据库
$ su – oracle
$ sqlplus / as sysdba

# 检查当前归档模式
SQL> SELECT log_mode FROM v$database;

LOG_MODE
————
NOARCHIVELOG

# 关闭数据库
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

# 启动数据库到mount状态
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 4.29496729E10 bytes
Fixed Size 15849472 bytes
Variable Size 1.37438953E10 bytes
Database Buffers 2.9190615E10 bytes
Redo Buffers 234881024 bytes
Database mounted.

# 启用归档模式
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
Database altered.

# 打开数据库
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
Database altered.

# 验证归档模式
SQL> SELECT log_mode FROM v$database;

LOG_MODE
————
ARCHIVELOG

# 查看当前密码策略
SQL> SELECT * FROM dba_profiles WHERE resource_name = ‘PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME’;

PROFILE RESOURCE_NAME RESOURCE_TYPE LIMIT
—————————— ——————————– ————- ——————————
DEFAULT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME PASSWORD 180

# 修改密码有效期为无限
SQL> ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED;
Profile altered.

# 验证修改
SQL> SELECT * FROM dba_profiles WHERE resource_name = ‘PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME’;

PROFILE RESOURCE_NAME RESOURCE_TYPE LIMIT
—————————— ——————————– ————- ——————————
DEFAULT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME PASSWORD UNLIMITED

# 查看当前审计状态
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER audit_trail;

NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
audit_trail string DB

# 关闭审计功能
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET audit_trail = NONE SCOPE = SPFILE;
System altered.

# 重启数据库使配置生效
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
SQL> STARTUP;

# 查看当前内存配置
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER memory;

# 调整SGA和PGA大小
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET sga_target = 32G SCOPE = SPFILE;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET pga_aggregate_target = 12G SCOPE = SPFILE;

# 重启数据库使配置生效
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
SQL> STARTUP;

# 连接到RMAN
$ su – oracle
$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 – Production on Wed Apr 2 20:00:00 2026

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: FGEDUDB (DBID=1234567890)

RMAN>

# 配置控制文件自动备份
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

# 配置备份保留策略
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 3;

# 执行全库备份到ASM归档磁盘组
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;

# 验证ASM实例状态
$ su – grid
$ sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Apr 2 20:00:00 2026

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options

SQL> SELECT instance_name, status FROM v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
—————- ————
+ASM STARTED

# 验证ASM磁盘组
SQL> SELECT name, state FROM v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME STATE
—————————— ———–
DGFGDATA01 MOUNTED
DGARCH MOUNTED
OCRVOTE MOUNTED

# 验证数据库实例状态
$ su – oracle
$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Apr 2 20:00:00 2026

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> SELECT instance_name, status FROM v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
—————- ————
fgedudb OPEN

# 验证数据库状态
SQL> SELECT name, status FROM v$database;

NAME STATUS
——— ————
FGEDUDB OPEN

# 使用sqlplus连接测试
$ sqlplus system/Oracle123@fgedudb

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Apr 2 20:00:00 2026

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

# 验证表空间（存储在ASM中）
SQL> SELECT tablespace_name, status FROM dba_tablespaces;

# 访问Enterprise Manager
https://fgedudb01:1158/em
# 使用sys用户和密码登录