# 查看当前数据库是否为CDB
SQL> SELECT name, cdb, con_id FROM v$database;

NAME CDB CON_ID
——— — ———-
ORCL NO 0

# 创建CDB数据库
$ dbca -silent -createDatabase \
-templateName General_Purpose.dbc \
-gdbname orclcdb \
-sid orclcdb \
-responseFile NO_VALUE \
-characterSet AL32UTF8 \
-sysPassword Oracle123 \
-systemPassword Oracle123 \
-createAsContainerDatabase true \
-numberOfPDBs 1 \
-pdbName pdb1 \
-pdbAdminPassword Oracle123 \
-databaseType MULTIPURPOSE \
-automaticMemoryManagement false \
-totalMemory 4096 \
-storageType FS \
-datafileDestination /oracle/app/oracle/oradata

Copying database files
1% complete
2% complete
…
100% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
1% complete
…
100% complete
Completing Database Creation
1% complete
…
100% complete
Look at the log file “/oracle/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orclcdb/orclcdb.log” for further details.

# 验证CDB创建成功
SQL> SELECT name, cdb, con_id FROM v$database;

NAME CDB CON_ID
——— — ———-
ORCLCDB YES 0

# 查看CDB中的容器
SQL> SELECT con_id, name, open_mode FROM v$containers ORDER BY con_id;

CON_ID NAME OPEN_MODE
—— ——— ———-
1 CDB$ROOT READ WRITE
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 PDB1 READ WRITE

# 查看CDB参数
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER enable_pluggable_database;

NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
enable_pluggable_database boolean TRUE

# 查看CDB内存配置
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER sga_target;

NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
sga_target big integer 0

SQL> SHOW PARAMETER pga_aggregate_target;

NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
pga_aggregate_target big integer 0

# 配置CDB内存
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET sga_target = 2G SCOPE=SPFILE;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET pga_aggregate_target = 1G SCOPE=SPFILE;

System altered.

# 重启数据库使参数生效
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> STARTUP;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2147483648 bytes
Fixed Size 9143424 bytes
Variable Size 1073741824 bytes
Database Buffers 1056964608 bytes
Redo Buffers 1663392 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

# 查看内存配置
SQL> SELECT component, current_size/1024/1024 AS size_mb
FROM v$sga_dynamic_components
ORDER BY component;

COMPONENT SIZE_MB
———————— ———-
shared pool 1024
large pool 128
java pool 128
streams pool 0
DEFAULT buffer cache 768
KEEP buffer cache 0
RECYCLE buffer cache 0
DEFAULT 2K buffer cache 0
DEFAULT 4K buffer cache 0
DEFAULT 8K buffer cache 0
DEFAULT 16K buffer cache 0
DEFAULT 32K buffer cache 0

# 查看CDB表空间
SQL> SELECT tablespace_name, status, contents
FROM dba_tablespaces
WHERE con_id = 1
ORDER BY tablespace_name;

TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS CONTENTS
—————————— ——— ———
SYSTEM ONLINE PERMANENT
SYSAUX ONLINE PERMANENT
UNDOTBS1 ONLINE UNDO
TEMP ONLINE TEMPORARY
USERS ONLINE PERMANENT

# 查看CDB表空间文件
SQL> SELECT file_name, tablespace_name, bytes/1024/1024 AS size_mb
FROM dba_data_files
WHERE con_id = 1
ORDER BY tablespace_name;

FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME SIZE_MB
————————————————————– —————– ———-
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orclcdb/system01.dbf SYSTEM 800
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orclcdb/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX 600
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orclcdb/undotbs01.dbf UNDOTBS1 400
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orclcdb/users01.dbf USERS 100

# 创建CDB表空间
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE cdb_data
DATAFILE ‘/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orclcdb/cdb_data01.dbf’ SIZE 100M
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

Tablespace created.

# 查看CDB表空间
SQL> SELECT tablespace_name, status, contents
FROM dba_tablespaces
WHERE con_id = 1
ORDER BY tablespace_name;

TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS CONTENTS
—————————— ——— ———
CDB_DATA ONLINE PERMANENT
SYSTEM ONLINE PERMANENT
SYSAUX ONLINE PERMANENT
UNDOTBS1 ONLINE UNDO
USERS ONLINE PERMANENT

# 查看CDB状态
SQL> SELECT name, cdb, open_mode, database_role
FROM v$database;

NAME CDB OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE
——— — ———- —————–
ORCLCDB YES READ WRITE PRIMARY

# 查看CDB实例状态
SQL> SELECT instance_name, status, startup_time
FROM v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME
—————- ———— —————–
orclcdb OPEN 2026-04-03 08:00:00

# 查看CDB参数
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER db_name;

NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
db_name string orclcdb

SQL> SHOW PARAMETER db_unique_name;

NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
db_unique_name string orclcdb

# 启动CDB
SQL> STARTUP;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2147483648 bytes
Fixed Size 9143424 bytes
Variable Size 1073741824 bytes
Database Buffers 1056964608 bytes
Redo Buffers 1663392 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

# 关闭CDB
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

# 创建公共用户
SQL> CREATE USER c##admin IDENTIFIED BY Oracle123 CONTAINER = ALL;

User created.

SQL> GRANT DBA TO c##admin CONTAINER = ALL;

Grant succeeded.

# 查看公共用户
SQL> SELECT username, common, con_id FROM dba_users WHERE common = ‘Y’;

USERNAME COMMON CON_ID
———— — ———-
C##ADMIN Y 0

# 创建本地用户
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb1;

Session altered.

SQL> CREATE USER local_user IDENTIFIED BY Oracle123;

User created.

SQL> GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE TO local_user;

Grant succeeded.

# 查看本地用户
SQL> SELECT username, common, con_id FROM dba_users WHERE common = ‘N’;

USERNAME COMMON CON_ID
———— — ———-
LOCAL_USER N 3

# 切换到PDB
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb2;

Session altered.

# 查看本地用户
SQL> SELECT username, common, con_id FROM dba_users WHERE common = ‘N’;

USERNAME COMMON CON_ID
———— — ———-
PDB_ADMIN N 4

# 查看CDB性能统计
SQL> SELECT
name,
value
FROM v$sysstat
WHERE name LIKE ‘%session%’
AND value > 0
ORDER BY value DESC
FETCH FIRST 10 ROWS ONLY;

NAME VALUE
—————————————- ———-
logons cumulative 1000
session cursor cache hits 500
opened cursors cumulative 500
session logical reads 100000
session uga memory 10000
session pga memory 5000

# 查看CDB资源使用
SQL> SELECT
name,
total_size,
free_size,
used_size,
round(used_size / total_size * 100, 2) AS used_pct
FROM v$sgainfo
WHERE name IN (‘Database Buffers’, ‘Shared Pool’, ‘Large Pool’);

NAME TOTAL_SIZE FREE_SIZE USED_SIZE USED_PCT
—————— ———– ———- ——— ———-
Database Buffers 1048576 524288 524288 50.00
Shared Pool 524288 262144 262144 50.00
Large Pool 65536 32768 32768 50.00

# 查看CDB会话统计
SQL> SELECT
con_id,
username,
status,
count(*)
FROM v$session
GROUP BY con_id, username, status
ORDER BY con_id;

CON_ID USERNAME STATUS COUNT(*)
—— ————- ——– ———-
0 SYS ACTIVE 1
1 C##ADMIN ACTIVE 1
3 SYS ACTIVE 1
4 PDB_ADMIN ACTIVE 1

# 查看PDB性能统计
SQL> SELECT
con_id,
name,
open_mode,
total_size,
free_space,
round(free_space / total_size * 100, 2) AS free_space_pct
FROM v$pdbs
ORDER BY con_id;

CON_ID NAME OPEN_MODE TOTAL_SIZE FREE_SPACE FREE_SPACE_PCT
—— ——— ———- ———- ———– ————–
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 1048576 524288 50.00
3 PDB1 READ WRITE 1048576 524288 50.00
4 PDB2 READ WRITE 1048576 524288 50.00

# 查看PDB会话统计
SQL> SELECT
con_id,
username,
status,
count(*)
FROM v$session
WHERE con_id > 2
GROUP BY con_id, username, status
ORDER BY con_id;

CON_ID USERNAME STATUS COUNT(*)
—— ————- ——– ———-
3 SYS ACTIVE 1
4 PDB_ADMIN ACTIVE 1

# 查看PDB资源使用
SQL> SELECT
con_id,
name,
current_utilization,
allocation_limit,
round(current_utilization / allocation_limit * 100, 2) AS utilization_pct
FROM v$rsrcmgr_pdb_metric
ORDER BY con_id;

CON_ID NAME CURRENT_UTILIZATION ALLOCATION_LIMIT UTILIZATION_PCT
—— ——— ——————- —————– —————-
3 PDB1 20 80 25.00
4 PDB2 15 60 25.00