# 1. 配置自动发现
# EMCC Console -> Setup -> Add Target -> Configure Auto Discovery

# 2. 使用EMCLI配置自动发现
$ emcli login -username=sysman
Enter password :
Login successful

# 同步Repository
$ emcli sync

# 创建自动发现规则
$ emcli create_discovery_spec \
-name=”Production_DB_Discovery” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-host_list=”db-server1.fgedu.net.cn,db-server2.fgedu.net.cn” \
-port_range=”1521-1530″ \
-credentials=”DBSNMP:Dbsnmp123″

Discovery specification “Production_DB_Discovery” created successfully

# 执行自动发现
$ emcli submit_discovery \
-spec_name=”Production_DB_Discovery”

Discovery job submitted. Job ID: 12345

# 查看发现结果
$ emcli get_discovered_targets \
-job_id=12345

Target Name Target Type Host Status
————- —————— ———————- ——–
orcl1 oracle_database db-server1.fgedu.net.cn DISCOVERED
orcl2 oracle_database db-server2.fgedu.net.cn DISCOVERED
testdb oracle_database db-server1.fgedu.net.cn DISCOVERED

# 3. 批量添加发现的目标
$ emcli add_discovered_targets \
-job_id=12345 \
-target_list=”orcl1,orcl2″

Targets added successfully

# 4. 配置主机自动发现
$ emcli create_discovery_spec \
-name=”Host_Discovery” \
-target_type=”host” \
-ip_range=”192.168.1.0/24″ \
-snmp_community=”public”

Discovery specification “Host_Discovery” created successfully

# 1. 添加Oracle数据库目标
$ emcli add_target \
-name=”prod_orcl” \
-type=”oracle_database” \
-host=”db-server.fgedu.net.cn” \
-properties=”SID:orcl;Port:1521;OracleHome:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1;MachineName:db-server.fgedu.net.cn” \
-credentials=”UserName:dbsnmp;password:Dbsnmp123;Role:Normal” \
-monitor_mode=”1″

Target “prod_orcl:oracle_database” added successfully

# 2. 添加Oracle监听器目标
$ emcli add_target \
-name=”LISTENER_db-server” \
-type=”oracle_listener” \
-host=”db-server.fgedu.net.cn” \
-properties=”ListenerOraDir:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin;Port:1521;OracleHome:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1;Machine:db-server.fgedu.net.cn” \
-credentials=”UserName:oracle;password:Oracle123″

Target “LISTENER_db-server:oracle_listener” added successfully

# 3. 添加主机目标
$ emcli add_target \
-name=”db-server.fgedu.net.cn” \
-type=”host” \
-host=”db-server.fgedu.net.cn” \
-properties=”OS:Linux;Platform:x86_64″

Target “db-server.fgedu.net.cn:host” added successfully

# 4. 添加Oracle ASM目标
$ emcli add_target \
-name=”+ASM” \
-type=”osm_instance” \
-host=”db-server.fgedu.net.cn” \
-properties=”OracleHome:/oracle/app/19c/grid;MachineName:db-server.fgedu.net.cn” \
-credentials=”UserName:sys;password:Sys123;Role:SYSASM”

Target “+ASM:osm_instance” added successfully

# 5. 批量添加目标（使用输入文件）
$ cat /tmp/targets.csv
name,type,host,properties,credentials
orcl1,oracle_database,server1.fgedu.net.cn,”SID:orcl1;Port:1521″,”dbsnmp/password1″
orcl2,oracle_database,server2.fgedu.net.cn,”SID:orcl2;Port:1521″,”dbsnmp/password2″

$ emcli add_targets -input_file=”/tmp/targets.csv”

Targets added successfully: 2

# 1. 查看可用指标
$ emcli get_metrics \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-target_name=”prod_orcl”

Metric Name Category Unit
—————————– ————– ————
CPU_Usage Performance %
Memory_Usage Performance %
Disk_Usage Storage %
Tablespace_Usage Storage %
Active_Sessions Performance Count
Response_Time Performance ms

# 2. 修改指标收集频率
$ emcli modify_collection_schedule \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-target_name=”prod_orcl” \
-collection_name=”CPU_Usage” \
-interval=”5″ \
-interval_unit=”MINUTE”

Collection schedule modified successfully

# 3. 启用/禁用指标收集
$ emcli modify_collection_schedule \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-target_name=”prod_orcl” \
-collection_name=”Memory_Usage” \
-enabled=”false”

Collection disabled successfully

# 4. 配置指标阈值
$ emcli modify_metric_threshold \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-target_name=”prod_orcl” \
-metric=”CPU_Usage” \
-warning_threshold=”80″ \
-critical_threshold=”95″

Metric threshold modified successfully

# 5. 批量配置指标（使用输入文件）
$ cat /tmp/metric_config.csv
target_type,target_name,metric,warning,critical
oracle_database,prod_orcl,CPU_Usage,80,95
oracle_database,prod_orcl,Memory_Usage,85,95
oracle_database,prod_orcl,Disk_Usage,85,95
oracle_database,prod_orcl,Tablespace_Usage,85,95

$ emcli modify_metric_thresholds -input_file=”/tmp/metric_config.csv”

Metric thresholds modified successfully

# 6. 查看指标数据
$ emcli get_metric_data \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-target_name=”prod_orcl” \
-metric=”CPU_Usage” \
-start_time=”2026-03-31 09:00:00″ \
-end_time=”2026-03-31 10:00:00″

Timestamp Value
———————- —–
2026-03-31 09:00:00 15.5
2026-03-31 09:05:00 18.2
2026-03-31 09:10:00 22.1
2026-03-31 09:15:00 25.3

# 1. 创建自定义指标（使用SQL）
$ emcli create_metric_extension \
-name=”Custom_DB_Metric” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-display_name=”Custom Database Metric” \
-collection_frequency=”5″ \
-collection_frequency_unit=”MINUTE”

Metric extension “Custom_DB_Metric” created successfully

# 2. 添加指标列
$ emcli add_metric_column \
-extension_name=”Custom_DB_Metric” \
-column_name=”SESSION_COUNT” \
-display_name=”Session Count” \
-data_type=”NUMBER” \
-unit=”Count”

Column added successfully

# 3. 配置SQL收集
$ emcli set_metric_sql \
-extension_name=”Custom_DB_Metric” \
-sql=”SELECT COUNT(*) as SESSION_COUNT FROM v$session WHERE type=’USER'”

SQL configured successfully

# 4. 部署指标扩展
$ emcli deploy_metric_extension \
-name=”Custom_DB_Metric” \
-version=”1.0″ \
-targets=”prod_orcl:oracle_database”

Metric extension deployed successfully

# 5. 验证自定义指标
$ emcli get_metric_data \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-target_name=”prod_orcl” \
-metric=”Custom_DB_Metric:SESSION_COUNT”

Timestamp Value
———————- —–
2026-03-31 10:00:00 45
2026-03-31 10:05:00 48
2026-03-31 10:10:00 52

# 1. 创建监控模板
$ emcli create_monitoring_template \
-name=”Production_DB_Template” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-description=”Monitoring template for production databases” \
-based_on_target=”prod_orcl”

Monitoring template “Production_DB_Template” created successfully

# 2. 修改模板指标设置
$ emcli modify_monitoring_template \
-name=”Production_DB_Template” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-metric=”CPU_Usage” \
-warning_threshold=”75″ \
-critical_threshold=”90″ \
-collection_schedule=”5_MINUTE”

Template modified successfully

# 3. 添加多个指标到模板
$ emcli add_template_metrics \
-name=”Production_DB_Template” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-metrics=”Memory_Usage:80:95:5_MINUTE,Disk_Usage:85:95:15_MINUTE,Tablespace_Usage:85:95:30_MINUTE”

Metrics added successfully

# 4. 应用模板到目标
$ emcli apply_monitoring_template \
-name=”Production_DB_Template” \
-targets=”prod_orcl:oracle_database,prod_orcl2:oracle_database”

Monitoring template applied successfully

# 5. 查看模板应用状态
$ emcli get_template_applications \
-name=”Production_DB_Template” \
-target_type=”oracle_database”

Target Name Target Type Apply Status Last Applied
————- —————— ————– ——————-
prod_orcl oracle_database SUCCESS 2026-03-31 10:00:00
prod_orcl2 oracle_database SUCCESS 2026-03-31 10:05:00

# 6. 导出模板
$ emcli export_monitoring_template \
-name=”Production_DB_Template” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-output_file=”/backup/templates/production_db_template.xml”

Template exported successfully

# 7. 导入模板
$ emcli import_monitoring_template \
-input_file=”/backup/templates/production_db_template.xml” \
-name=”Imported_Production_Template”

Template imported successfully

# 1. 创建合规规则
$ emcli create_compliance_rule \
-name=”DB_Parameter_Check” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-description=”Check critical database parameters” \
-rule_type=”SQL”

Compliance rule created successfully

# 2. 配置规则检查
$ emcli add_compliance_check \
-rule_name=”DB_Parameter_Check” \
-check_name=”audit_trail_check” \
-sql=”SELECT CASE WHEN value = ‘DB’ THEN ‘COMPLIANT’ ELSE ‘NON_COMPLIANT’ END as status FROM v$parameter WHERE name = ‘audit_trail'” \
-severity=”CRITICAL”

Compliance check added successfully

# 3. 创建合规标准
$ emcli create_compliance_standard \
-name=”Production_DB_Standard” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-description=”Compliance standard for production databases” \
-rules=”DB_Parameter_Check,DB_Patch_Check,DB_Backup_Check”

Compliance standard created successfully

# 4. 评估合规性
$ emcli evaluate_compliance \
-standard_name=”Production_DB_Standard” \
-targets=”prod_orcl:oracle_database”

Compliance evaluation started. Job ID: 67890

# 5. 查看合规结果
$ emcli get_compliance_results \
-job_id=67890

Target Standard Result Score
————- ———————— ——– —–
prod_orcl Production_DB_Standard PASS 95%

# 6. 创建合规报告
$ emcli create_compliance_report \
-name=”Monthly_Compliance_Report” \
-standard=”Production_DB_Standard” \
-schedule=”MONTHLY” \
-email=”dba@fgedu.net.cn”

Compliance report created successfully

# 项目背景
– 监控目标：500+ Oracle数据库，200+ 主机，50+ 中间件
– 环境分类：生产、测试、开发
– 业务分类：核心系统、支撑系统、辅助系统
– 配置目标：实现监控标准化和自动化

# 配置实施步骤

# 1. 设计目标分组架构
# 创建目标组
$ emcli create_group \
-name=”Production_Databases” \
-description=”All production databases” \
-group_type=”generic”

Group created successfully

$ emcli create_group \
-name=”Core_System_Databases” \
-description=”Core business system databases” \
-group_type=”generic” \
-parent_groups=”Production_Databases”

Group created successfully

# 批量添加目标到组
$ emcli add_targets_to_group \
-group_name=”Core_System_Databases” \
-targets=”erp_orcl:oracle_database,crm_orcl:oracle_database,hr_orcl:oracle_database”

Targets added to group successfully

# 2. 创建分层监控模板
# 核心系统模板（高频监控）
$ emcli create_monitoring_template \
-name=”Core_System_DB_Template” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-description=”High-frequency monitoring for core systems”

$ emcli add_template_metrics \
-name=”Core_System_DB_Template” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-metrics=”CPU_Usage:70:90:1_MINUTE,Memory_Usage:80:95:1_MINUTE,Active_Sessions:100:200:1_MINUTE”

# 支撑系统模板（中频监控）
$ emcli create_monitoring_template \
-name=”Support_System_DB_Template” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-description=”Medium-frequency monitoring for support systems”

$ emcli add_template_metrics \
-name=”Support_System_DB_Template” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-metrics=”CPU_Usage:80:95:5_MINUTE,Memory_Usage:85:95:5_MINUTE,Active_Sessions:150:300:5_MINUTE”

# 辅助系统模板（低频监控）
$ emcli create_monitoring_template \
-name=”Auxiliary_System_DB_Template” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-description=”Low-frequency monitoring for auxiliary systems”

$ emcli add_template_metrics \
-name=”Auxiliary_System_DB_Template” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-metrics=”CPU_Usage:85:95:15_MINUTE,Memory_Usage:90:95:15_MINUTE,Active_Sessions:200:400:15_MINUTE”

# 3. 批量应用模板
# 创建应用脚本
$ cat /software/apply_templates.sh
#!/bin/bash
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn

# 应用核心系统模板
echo “Applying Core System Template…”
emcli apply_monitoring_template \
-name=”Core_System_DB_Template” \
-group=”Core_System_Databases”

# 应用支撑系统模板
echo “Applying Support System Template…”
emcli apply_monitoring_template \
-name=”Support_System_DB_Template” \
-group=”Support_System_Databases”

# 应用辅助系统模板
echo “Applying Auxiliary System Template…”
emcli apply_monitoring_template \
-name=”Auxiliary_System_DB_Template” \
-group=”Auxiliary_System_Databases”

echo “Template application completed”

# 执行脚本
$ chmod +x /software/apply_templates.sh
$ /software/apply_templates.sh

# 4. 配置自动发现规则
$ emcli create_discovery_spec \
-name=”Auto_Discovery_Production” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-host_list=”prod-scan.fgedu.net.cn” \
-port_range=”1521″ \
-credentials=”DBSNMP:AutoDbsnmp123″ \
-auto_promote=”true” \
-template=”Production_DB_Template”

Discovery specification created successfully

# 5. 配置合规检查
$ emcli create_compliance_standard \
-name=”Enterprise_DB_Standard” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-description=”Enterprise-wide database compliance standard”

# 添加合规检查项
$ emcli add_compliance_check \
-rule_name=”Enterprise_DB_Standard” \
-check_name=”password_policy” \
-sql=”SELECT CASE WHEN profile = ‘DEFAULT’ AND resource_name = ‘FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS’ AND limit = ‘3’ THEN ‘COMPLIANT’ ELSE ‘NON_COMPLIANT’ END FROM dba_profiles WHERE profile = ‘DEFAULT’ AND resource_name = ‘FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS'” \
-severity=”HIGH”

$ emcli add_compliance_check \
-rule_name=”Enterprise_DB_Standard” \
-check_name=”audit_enabled” \
-sql=”SELECT CASE WHEN value = ‘DB’ OR value = ‘DB,EXTENDED’ THEN ‘COMPLIANT’ ELSE ‘NON_COMPLIANT’ END FROM v$parameter WHERE name = ‘audit_trail'” \
-severity=”CRITICAL”

# 6. 创建配置报告
$ emcli create_report_definition \
-name=”DB_Configuration_Report” \
-report_type=”CONFIGURATION” \
-targets=”Production_Databases” \
-schedule=”WEEKLY” \
-email=”dba-team@fgedu.net.cn”

Report definition created successfully

# 配置结果
# – 成功创建3个监控模板
# – 成功分组500+数据库目标
# – 成功应用标准化配置
# – 合规检查覆盖率100%
# – 配置管理效率提升70%

# 故障1：模板应用失败
# 症状：应用监控模板时提示错误

# 诊断步骤
$ emcli get_template_applications \
-name=”Production_DB_Template” \
-target_type=”oracle_database”

Target Name Target Type Apply Status Error Message
————- —————— ————– ——————-
prod_orcl oracle_database FAILED Invalid metric name

# 查看详细错误
$ emcli get_template_application_details \
-name=”Production_DB_Template” \
-target_name=”prod_orcl” \
-target_type=”oracle_database”

Error: Metric ‘CPU_Usage’ not found for target type ‘oracle_database’

# 解决方案
# 1. 检查指标名称是否正确
$ emcli get_metrics -target_type=”oracle_database” | grep -i cpu

CPU_Utilization
Host_CPU_Utilization

# 2. 修正模板中的指标名称
$ emcli modify_monitoring_template \
-name=”Production_DB_Template” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-metric=”CPU_Utilization” \
-warning_threshold=”80″ \
-critical_threshold=”95″

# 3. 重新应用模板
$ emcli apply_monitoring_template \
-name=”Production_DB_Template” \
-targets=”prod_orcl:oracle_database”

# 故障2：指标数据未收集
# 症状：指标显示无数据

# 诊断步骤
$ emcli get_metric_data \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-target_name=”prod_orcl” \
-metric=”Memory_Usage”

No data found for the specified time range

# 检查收集状态
$ emcli get_collection_status \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-target_name=”prod_orcl” \
-metric=”Memory_Usage”

Collection Status: DISABLED

# 解决方案
# 1. 启用指标收集
$ emcli modify_collection_schedule \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-target_name=”prod_orcl” \
-collection_name=”Memory_Usage” \
-enabled=”true”

# 2. 检查Agent状态
$ emctl status agent

# 3. 手动触发收集
$ emcli collect_metric \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-target_name=”prod_orcl” \
-metric=”Memory_Usage”

# 故障3：目标连接失败
# 症状：目标状态显示为Down

# 诊断步骤
$ emcli get_target_properties \
-target_name=”prod_orcl” \
-target_type=”oracle_database”

Property Name Property Value
—————— ——————
ConnectString //server1:1521/orcl
MonitoringUser dbsnmp

# 测试连接
$ sqlplus dbsnmp/password@//server1:1521/orcl

ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

# 解决方案
# 1. 更新目标凭证
$ emcli modify_target \
-name=”prod_orcl” \
-type=”oracle_database” \
-credentials=”UserName:dbsnmp;password:NewPassword123;Role:Normal”

# 2. 测试目标连接
$ emcli test_target_connection \
-name=”prod_orcl” \
-type=”oracle_database”

Connection test successful

# 故障4：合规评估失败
# 症状：合规检查返回错误

# 诊断步骤
$ emcli get_compliance_results \
-standard_name=”Production_DB_Standard”

Target Standard Result Error
————- ———————— ——– ——————-
prod_orcl Production_DB_Standard ERROR SQL execution failed

# 查看详细错误
$ emcli get_compliance_error_details \
-standard_name=”Production_DB_Standard” \
-target_name=”prod_orcl”

Error: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SQL: SELECT * FROM v$nonexistent_view

# 解决方案
# 1. 修正SQL语句
$ emcli modify_compliance_check \
-rule_name=”Production_DB_Standard” \
-check_name=”invalid_check” \
-sql=”SELECT * FROM v$parameter WHERE name = ‘audit_trail'”

# 2. 重新评估合规性
$ emcli evaluate_compliance \
-standard_name=”Production_DB_Standard” \
-targets=”prod_orcl:oracle_database”

# 优化1：减少指标收集频率
# 对非关键指标降低收集频率

$ emcli modify_collection_schedule \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-target_name=”prod_orcl” \
-collection_name=”Tablespace_Free_Space” \
-interval=”30″ \
-interval_unit=”MINUTE”

# 批量优化
$ cat /tmp/optimize_metrics.csv
target_type,target_name,collection_name,new_interval
oracle_database,prod_orcl,Tablespace_Free_Space,30
oracle_database,prod_orcl,Segment_Advisor_Recommendations,60
oracle_database,prod_orcl,Alert_Log_Errors,5

$ emcli modify_collection_schedules -input_file=”/tmp/optimize_metrics.csv”

# 优化2：禁用不必要的指标
# 禁用不使用的指标以减少负载

$ emcli modify_collection_schedule \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-target_name=”prod_orcl” \
-collection_name=”Unused_Metric” \
-enabled=”false”

# 优化3：优化模板应用
# 使用组应用代替逐个应用

# 创建目标组
$ emcli create_group \
-name=”Standard_DBs” \
-description=”Standard configuration databases”

# 批量添加目标
$ emcli add_targets_to_group \
-group_name=”Standard_DBs” \
-file=”/tmp/db_targets.txt”

# 应用模板到组（一次操作）
$ emcli apply_monitoring_template \
-name=”Standard_DB_Template” \
-group=”Standard_DBs”

# 优化4：配置数据保留策略
# 调整监控数据保留时间

$ emcli set_repository_property \
-name=”metric_data_retention” \
-value=”90″

Repository property updated successfully

# 配置分区策略
$ emcli configure_partitioning \
-table_name=”mgmt_metrics_raw” \
-retention_days=”90″ \
-partition_type=”RANGE”

Partitioning configured successfully

# 优化5：批量配置管理
# 使用脚本自动化配置

$ cat /software/bulk_config.sh
#!/bin/bash
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn

# 批量修改指标阈值
for db in $(emcli get_targets -target_type=”oracle_database” -format=”name” | grep -v “Target Name”); do
echo “Configuring $db…”
emcli modify_metric_threshold \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-target_name=”$db” \
-metric=”CPU_Utilization” \
-warning_threshold=”80″ \
-critical_threshold=”95″
done

# 批量应用模板
emcli apply_monitoring_template \
-name=”Production_DB_Template” \
-group=”Production_Databases”

# 批量启用收集
for metric in “CPU_Utilization” “Memory_Usage” “Disk_Usage”; do
emcli modify_collection_schedule \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-group=”Production_Databases” \
-collection_name=”$metric” \
-enabled=”true”
done

echo “Bulk configuration completed”

# 执行批量配置
$ chmod +x /software/bulk_config.sh
$ /software/bulk_config.sh

# 优化6：配置备份和恢复
# 创建配置备份脚本

$ cat /software/backup_emcc_config.sh
#!/bin/bash
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn

BACKUP_DIR=/backup/emcc/config/$(date +%Y%m%d)
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR

# 导出监控模板
for template in $(emcli get_monitoring_templates -format=”name” | grep -v “Template Name”); do
emcli export_monitoring_template \
-name=”$template” \
-output_file=”$BACKUP_DIR/${template}.xml”
done

# 导出合规标准
for standard in $(emcli get_compliance_standards -format=”name” | grep -v “Standard Name”); do
emcli export_compliance_standard \
-name=”$standard” \
-output_file=”$BACKUP_DIR/${standard}.xml”
done

# 导出目标列表
emcli get_targets -format=”csv” > $BACKUP_DIR/targets.csv

# 导出组定义
emcli get_groups -format=”csv” > $BACKUP_DIR/groups.csv

echo “Configuration backup completed at $(date)” >> $BACKUP_DIR/backup.log

# 添加到crontab
$ crontab -e
0 1 * * * /software/backup_emcc_config.sh