# 1. 启动DBCA
$ dbca

# 2. 选择创建数据库
# – 选择”创建数据库”
# – 选择”高级配置”

# 3. 配置数据库
# – 数据库类型：单实例数据库
# – 模板：一般用途或事务处理
# – 全局数据库名: fgedudb
# – SID：fgedutest

# 4. 配置存储
# – 存储类型：文件系统
# – 数据文件位置：/oradata/fgedutest

# 5. 配置内存
# – 内存分配：手动
# – SGA：2G
# – PGA：500M

# 6. 配置字符集
# – 字符集：AL32UTF8

# 7. 完成创建
# – 点击”完成”
# – 等待创建完成

# 8. 验证创建
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> SELECT name FROM v$database;

NAME
———
FGEDUTEST

# 1. 从生产环境导出
$ expdp system/xxxxxx@fgedu_prod \
directory=dp_dir \
dumpfile=prod_clone_%U.dmp \
full=y \
compression=all \
parallel=4

# 2. 传输到测试环境
$ scp /dp_dir/prod_clone_*.dmp test_host:/dp_dir/

# 3. 导入到测试环境
$ impdp system/xxxxxx@fgedu_test \
directory=dp_dir \
dumpfile=prod_clone_%U.dmp \
full=y \
parallel=4 \
transform=segment_attributes:n

# 4. 数据脱敏
SQL> UPDATE customers SET
credit_card = ‘****’ || SUBSTR(credit_card, -4),
phone = ‘****’ || SUBSTR(phone, -4),
email = ‘test_’ || SUBSTR(email, INSTR(email, ‘@’));

SQL> COMMIT;

# 5. 验证测试环境
SQL> SELECT count(*) FROM customers;
SQL> SELECT * FROM customers WHERE ROWNUM <= 5;

# 1. 识别敏感数据
SQL> SELECT column_name
FROM dba_tab_columns
WHERE table_name IN (‘CUSTOMERS’,’ORDERS’)
AND column_name IN (‘CREDIT_CARD’,’PHONE’,’EMAIL’,’SSN’);

# 2. 创建脱敏函数
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fgedu_mask(p_value VARCHAR2, p_type VARCHAR2)
RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
BEGIN
CASE p_type
WHEN ‘CARD’ THEN
RETURN ‘****-****-****-‘ || SUBSTR(p_value, -4);
WHEN ‘PHONE’ THEN
RETURN ‘***-****-‘ || SUBSTR(p_value, -4);
WHEN ‘EMAIL’ THEN
RETURN ‘test_’ || SUBSTR(p_value, INSTR(p_value, ‘@’));
WHEN ‘NAME’ THEN
RETURN SUBSTR(p_value, 1, 1) || ‘***’;
ELSE
RETURN ‘***MASKED***’;
END CASE;
END;
/

# 3. 执行数据脱敏
SQL> UPDATE customers SET
credit_card = fgedu_mask(credit_card, ‘CARD’),
phone = fgedu_mask(phone, ‘PHONE’),
email = fgedu_mask(email, ‘EMAIL’),
customer_name = fgedu_mask(customer_name, ‘NAME’);

SQL> COMMIT;

# 4. 验证脱敏结果
SQL> SELECT credit_card, phone, email, customer_name
FROM customers
WHERE ROWNUM <= 5;

# 1. 确定子集规则
– 按时间范围：最近1年数据
– 按业务范围：特定业务数据
– 按数据量：按比例抽取

# 2. 创建子集数据
$ expdp system/xxxxxx@fgedu_prod \
directory=dp_dir \
dumpfile=subset_data.dmp \
schemas=FGEDU \
query=’customers:”WHERE created_date > SYSDATE-365″‘ \
query=’orders:”WHERE order_date > SYSDATE-365″‘ \
compression=all

# 3. 导入子集数据
$ impdp system/xxxxxx@fgedu_test \
directory=dp_dir \
dumpfile=subset_data.dmp \
schemas=FGEDU \
transform=segment_attributes:n

# 4. 验证数据量
SQL> SELECT ‘customers’ table_name, count(*)
FROM customers
UNION ALL
SELECT ‘orders’, count(*)
FROM orders;

# 1. 环境状态检查
SQL> SELECT name, open_mode, database_status
FROM v$instance;

# 2. 环境资源检查
SQL> SELECT tablespace_name,
ROUND(SUM(bytes)/1024/1024, 2) size_mb
FROM dba_data_files
GROUP BY tablespace_name;

# 3. 环境会话检查
SQL> SELECT username, program, count(*)
FROM v$session
GROUP BY username, program;

# 4. 环境重置
# 方式1：删除并重新导入
$ impdp system/xxxxxx@fgedu_test \
directory=dp_dir \
dumpfile=baseline.dmp \
schemas=FGEDU \
table_exists_action=REPLACE

# 方式2：使用Flashback
SQL> FLASHBACK DATABASE TO TIMESTAMP
TO_TIMESTAMP(‘2026-04-05 10:00:00’, ‘YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS’);

# 5. 环境备份
$ rman target /
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;