SQL> CREATE DISKGROUP data_dg EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY
2 DISK ‘/dev/sdb1’, ‘/dev/sdc1’, ‘/dev/sdd1’
3 ATTRIBUTE ‘compatible.asm’ = ‘19.0.0’, ‘compatible.rdbms’ = ‘19.0.0’;Diskgroup created.

SQL> SELECT name, state, type, total_mb, free_mb FROM v$asm_diskgroup;NAME STATE TYPE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
—————————— ———– —— ———- ———-
DATA_DG MOUNTED EXTERN 30720 30720

— 1. 查看ASM磁盘组信息
SELECT name, state, type, total_mb, free_mb, required_mirror_free_mb, usable_file_mb FROM v$asm_diskgroup;– 2. 向磁盘组添加磁盘
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg ADD DISK ‘/dev/sde1’;– 3. 从磁盘组移除磁盘
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg DROP DISK ‘/dev/sde1’;– 4. 重命名磁盘
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg RENAME DISK ‘/dev/sdb1’ TO ‘data_disk1’;– 5. 调整磁盘组属性
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg SET ATTRIBUTE ‘au_size’ = ‘4M’;– 6. 卸载磁盘组
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg DISMOUNT;– 7. 挂载磁盘组
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg MOUNT;– 8. 删除磁盘组
DROP DISKGROUP data_dg INCLUDING CONTENTS;

— 1. 查看ASM文件
SELECT name, type, bytes FROM v$asm_file;– 2. 创建ASM目录
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg ADD DIRECTORY ‘+dgdata/fgedudb/datafile’;– 3. 重命名ASM目录
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg RENAME DIRECTORY ‘+dgdata/fgedudb/datafile’ TO ‘+dgdata/fgedudb/data’;– 4. 删除ASM目录
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg DROP DIRECTORY ‘+dgdata/fgedudb/data’;– 5. 在ASM中创建表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE users
DATAFILE ‘+dgdata/fgedudb/datafile/users01.dbf’ SIZE 100M
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 1000M;– 6. 向ASM中的表空间添加数据文件
ALTER TABLESPACE users
ADD DATAFILE ‘+dgdata/fgedudb/datafile/users02.dbf’ SIZE 100M
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 1000M;– 7. 查看ASM文件的详细信息
SELECT af.name, af.type, af.bytes, adg.name AS diskgroup_name
FROM v$asm_file af, v$asm_diskgroup adg
WHERE af.group_number = adg.group_number;

— 案例：为企业应用系统配置ASM存储

— 1. 检查ASM实例状态
SELECT instance_name, status FROM v$instance;– 2. 创建数据磁盘组
CREATE DISKGROUP data_dg NORMAL REDUNDANCY
FAILGROUP fg1 DISK ‘/dev/sdb1’, ‘/dev/sdc1’
FAILGROUP fg2 DISK ‘/dev/sdd1’, ‘/dev/sde1’
ATTRIBUTE ‘compatible.asm’ = ‘19.0.0’, ‘compatible.rdbms’ = ‘19.0.0’;– 3. 创建日志磁盘组
CREATE DISKGROUP log_dg NORMAL REDUNDANCY
FAILGROUP fg1 DISK ‘/dev/sdf1’, ‘/dev/sdg1’
FAILGROUP fg2 DISK ‘/dev/sdh1’, ‘/dev/sdi1’
ATTRIBUTE ‘compatible.asm’ = ‘19.0.0’, ‘compatible.rdbms’ = ‘19.0.0’;– 4. 创建归档磁盘组
CREATE DISKGROUP arch_dg EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY
DISK ‘/dev/sdj1’, ‘/dev/sdk1’
ATTRIBUTE ‘compatible.asm’ = ‘19.0.0’, ‘compatible.rdbms’ = ‘19.0.0’;– 5. 查看磁盘组信息
SELECT name, state, type, total_mb, free_mb FROM v$asm_diskgroup;– 6. 在ASM中创建表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE user_data
DATAFILE ‘+dgdata/fgedudb/datafile/user_data01.dbf’ SIZE 1000M
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE 10000M;CREATE TABLESPACE index_data
DATAFILE ‘+dgdata/fgedudb/datafile/index_data01.dbf’ SIZE 500M
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 50M MAXSIZE 5000M;– 7. 配置数据库使用ASM存储
ALTER SYSTEM SET control_files = ‘+dgdata/fgedudb/controlfile/control01.ctl’, ‘+log_dg/fgedudb/controlfile/control02.ctl’ SCOPE=SPFILE;ALTER SYSTEM SET db_create_file_dest = ‘+dgdata’ SCOPE=SPFILE;ALTER SYSTEM SET db_create_online_log_dest_1 = ‘+log_dg’ SCOPE=SPFILE;ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest = ‘+arch_dg’ SCOPE=SPFILE;– 8. 监控ASM性能
SELECT name, state, type, total_mb, free_mb, required_mirror_free_mb, usable_file_mb FROM v$asm_diskgroup;– 9. 向磁盘组添加磁盘
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg ADD DISK ‘/dev/sdl1’;

— 1. ASM磁盘组挂载失败问题
— 查看磁盘组状态
SELECT name, state, type, total_mb, free_mb FROM v$asm_diskgroup;– 解决方案：检查磁盘状态，确保磁盘可访问
SELECT group_number, disk_number, mount_status, header_status, state FROM v$asm_disk;– 2. ASM磁盘故障问题
— 查看磁盘状态
SELECT group_number, disk_number, mount_status, header_status, state, total_mb, free_mb FROM v$asm_disk;– 解决方案：替换故障磁盘
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg DROP DISK ‘/dev/sdb1’;ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg ADD DISK ‘/dev/sdm1’;– 3. ASM空间不足问题
— 查看磁盘组空间使用情况
SELECT name, state, type, total_mb, free_mb, required_mirror_free_mb, usable_file_mb FROM v$asm_diskgroup;– 解决方案：添加磁盘或清理空间
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg ADD DISK ‘/dev/sdm1’;– 4. ASM性能问题
— 查看ASM性能指标
SELECT * FROM v$asm_perfstat;– 解决方案：优化磁盘组配置，增加磁盘数量

— 5. ASM实例启动失败问题
— 查看ASM告警日志
SELECT * FROM v$diag_info;– 解决方案：检查ASM配置，确保磁盘可访问

— 1. ASM磁盘组无法挂载
— 检查磁盘状态
SELECT group_number, disk_number, mount_status, header_status, state FROM v$asm_disk;– 解决方案：修复磁盘头，重新挂载磁盘组
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg MOUNT FORCE;– 2. ASM磁盘故障
— 查看故障磁盘
SELECT group_number, disk_number, mount_status, header_status, state FROM v$asm_disk WHERE state = ‘FAILED’;– 解决方案：删除故障磁盘，添加新磁盘
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg DROP DISK ‘/dev/sdb1’ FORCE;ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg ADD DISK ‘/dev/sdm1’;– 3. ASM空间不足
— 查看磁盘组空间
SELECT name, total_mb, free_mb, usable_file_mb FROM v$asm_diskgroup;– 解决方案：添加磁盘或清理空间
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg ADD DISK ‘/dev/sdm1’;– 4. ASM实例无法启动
— 启动ASM实例到nomount状态
STARTUP NOMOUNT;– 查看告警日志
SELECT * FROM v$diag_info;– 解决方案：检查ASM配置文件，确保磁盘可访问

— 5. ASM重平衡失败
— 查看重平衡状态
SELECT group_number, operation, state, power, sofar, est_work, est_rate, est_minutes FROM v$asm_operation;– 解决方案：调整重平衡功率，监控重平衡过程
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg REBALANCE POWER 10;