SQL> SELECT name, state, type, total_mb, free_mb FROM v$asm_diskgroup;NAME STATE TYPE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
—————————— ———– —— ———- ———-
DATA_DG MOUNTED NORMAL 40960 35840
LOG_DG MOUNTED NORMAL 20480 20480
ARCH_DG MOUNTED EXTERN 61440 61440

SQL> SELECT group_number, disk_number, mount_status, header_status, state, name FROM v$asm_disk;GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER MOUNT_S HEADER_STATU STATE NAME
———— ———– ——- ———— ——– ——————————
1 0 CACHED MEMBER NORMAL DGDATA_0000
1 1 CACHED MEMBER NORMAL DGDATA_0001
2 0 CACHED MEMBER NORMAL LOG_DG_0000
2 1 CACHED MEMBER NORMAL LOG_DG_0001
3 0 CACHED MEMBER NORMAL ARCH_DG_0000
3 1 CACHED MEMBER NORMAL ARCH_DG_0001

— 1. 磁盘故障恢复
— 查看故障磁盘
SELECT group_number, disk_number, mount_status, header_status, state, name FROM v$asm_disk WHERE state = ‘FAILED’;– 删除故障磁盘
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg DROP DISK ‘/dev/sdb1’ FORCE;– 添加新磁盘
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg ADD DISK ‘/dev/sdf1’;– 重平衡磁盘组
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg REBALANCE POWER 11;– 2. 磁盘组挂载失败恢复
— 强制挂载磁盘组
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg MOUNT FORCE;– 3. ASM实例启动失败恢复
— 启动ASM实例到nomount状态
STARTUP NOMOUNT;– 检查ASM配置文件
$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init+ASM.ora

— 启动ASM实例
STARTUP;– 4. 文件故障恢复
— 使用RMAN恢复损坏的文件
RMAN>
RESTORE DATAFILE ‘+dgdata/fgedudb/datafile/users01.dbf’;RECOVER DATAFILE ‘+dgdata/fgedudb/datafile/users01.dbf’;– 5. 网络故障恢复
— 检查网络连接
$ ping
$ tnsping +ASM

— 重启网络服务
$ service network restart

— 重启ASM实例
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;STARTUP;

— 1. 定期检查ASM状态
SELECT name, state, type, total_mb, free_mb FROM v$asm_diskgroup;SELECT group_number, disk_number, mount_status, header_status, state, name FROM v$asm_disk;– 2. 定期备份ASM配置
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg BACKUP DISK TO ‘/backup/asm_data_config.bkp’;ALTER DISKGROUP log_dg BACKUP DISK TO ‘/backup/asm_log_config.bkp’;ALTER DISKGROUP arch_dg BACKUP DISK TO ‘/backup/asm_arch_config.bkp’;– 3. 定期检查存储设备状态
$ ls -l /dev/sd*
$ fdisk -l
$ iostat -x 1

— 4. 定期监控ASM性能
SELECT * FROM v$asm_perfstat;SELECT * FROM v$asm_disk_io_stat;– 5. 定期进行故障演练
— 模拟磁盘故障
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg DROP DISK ‘/dev/sdb1’ FORCE;ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg ADD DISK ‘/dev/sdf1’;– 6. 配置ASM告警
— 设置ASM告警阈值
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg SET ATTRIBUTE ‘disk_repair_time’ = ‘4h’;– 7. 合理规划磁盘组和故障组
CREATE DISKGROUP data_dg NORMAL REDUNDANCY
FAILGROUP fg1 DISK ‘/dev/sdb1’, ‘/dev/sdc1’
FAILGROUP fg2 DISK ‘/dev/sdd1’, ‘/dev/sde1’
ATTRIBUTE ‘compatible.asm’ = ‘19.0.0’, ‘compatible.rdbms’ = ‘19.0.0’;

— 案例：处理ASM磁盘故障

— 1. 检查ASM实例状态
SELECT instance_name, status FROM v$instance;– 2. 查看磁盘组状态
SELECT name, state, type, total_mb, free_mb FROM v$asm_diskgroup;– 3. 查看磁盘状态，发现故障磁盘
SELECT group_number, disk_number, mount_status, header_status, state, name FROM v$asm_disk;– 4. 确认故障磁盘
SELECT group_number, disk_number, mount_status, header_status, state, name FROM v$asm_disk WHERE state = ‘FAILED’;– 5. 删除故障磁盘
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg DROP DISK ‘DGDATA_0000’ FORCE;– 6. 添加新磁盘
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg ADD DISK ‘/dev/sdf1’;– 7. 重平衡磁盘组
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg REBALANCE POWER 11;– 8. 监控重平衡状态
SELECT group_number, operation, state, power, sofar, est_work, est_rate, est_minutes FROM v$asm_operation;– 9. 验证磁盘组状态
SELECT name, state, type, total_mb, free_mb FROM v$asm_diskgroup;– 10. 验证磁盘状态
SELECT group_number, disk_number, mount_status, header_status, state, name FROM v$asm_disk;– 11. 备份ASM配置
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg BACKUP DISK TO ‘/backup/asm_data_config.bkp’;

— 1. 磁盘故障问题
— 查看故障磁盘
SELECT group_number, disk_number, mount_status, header_status, state, name FROM v$asm_disk WHERE state = ‘FAILED’;– 解决方案：删除故障磁盘，添加新磁盘
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg DROP DISK ‘DGDATA_0000’ FORCE;ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg ADD DISK ‘/dev/sdf1’;– 2. 磁盘组挂载失败问题
— 查看磁盘组状态
SELECT name, state, type, total_mb, free_mb FROM v$asm_diskgroup;– 解决方案：强制挂载磁盘组
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg MOUNT FORCE;– 3. ASM实例启动失败问题
— 启动ASM实例到nomount状态
STARTUP NOMOUNT;– 查看ASM配置文件
$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init+ASM.ora

— 解决方案：修复ASM配置文件，启动ASM实例
STARTUP;– 4. 文件故障问题
— 检查文件状态
SELECT af.name, af.type, af.bytes, adg.name AS diskgroup_name
FROM v$asm_file af, v$asm_diskgroup adg
WHERE af.group_number = adg.group_number;– 解决方案：使用RMAN恢复损坏的文件
RMAN>
RESTORE DATAFILE ‘+dgdata/fgedudb/datafile/users01.dbf’;RECOVER DATAFILE ‘+dgdata/fgedudb/datafile/users01.dbf’;– 5. 网络故障问题
— 检查网络连接
$ ping
$ tnsping +ASM

— 解决方案：重启网络服务，重启ASM实例
$ service network restart
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;STARTUP;

— 1. 磁盘故障
— 查看故障磁盘
SELECT group_number, disk_number, mount_status, header_status, state, name FROM v$asm_disk WHERE state = ‘FAILED’;– 解决方案：删除故障磁盘，添加新磁盘
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg DROP DISK ‘DGDATA_0000’ FORCE;ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg ADD DISK ‘/dev/sdf1’;– 2. 磁盘组挂载失败
— 查看磁盘组状态
SELECT name, state, type, total_mb, free_mb FROM v$asm_diskgroup;– 解决方案：强制挂载磁盘组
ALTER DISKGROUP data_dg MOUNT FORCE;– 3. ASM实例启动失败
— 启动ASM实例到nomount状态
STARTUP NOMOUNT;– 查看ASM配置文件
$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init+ASM.ora

— 解决方案：修复ASM配置文件，启动ASM实例
STARTUP;– 4. 文件故障
— 检查文件状态
SELECT af.name, af.type, af.bytes, adg.name AS diskgroup_name
FROM v$asm_file af, v$asm_diskgroup adg
WHERE af.group_number = adg.group_number;– 解决方案：使用RMAN恢复损坏的文件
RMAN>
RESTORE DATAFILE ‘+dgdata/fgedudb/datafile/users01.dbf’;RECOVER DATAFILE ‘+dgdata/fgedudb/datafile/users01.dbf’;– 5. 网络故障
— 检查网络连接
$ ping
$ tnsping +ASM

— 解决方案：重启网络服务，重启ASM实例
$ service network restart
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;STARTUP;