# 启动MySQL服务器
# systemctl start mysqld

# 停止MySQL服务器
# systemctl stop mysqld

# 重启MySQL服务器
# systemctl restart mysqld

# 查看MySQL服务器状态
# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service – MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2026-04-01 16:00:00 CST; 1min ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 1234 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1234 (mysqld)
Status: “Server is operational”
Tasks: 38 (limit: 4915)
Memory: 1.2G
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─1234 /usr/sbin/mysqld

# 使用mysqld_safe启动服务器
# mysqld_safe –datadir=/mysql/data –pid-file=/mysql/data/mysqld.pid &

# 使用mysql客户端连接服务器
# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: Fgedu123!
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.4.0 MySQL Community Server – GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

# 使用mysqladmin管理服务器
# mysqladmin -u root -p status
Enter password: Fgedu123!
Uptime: 60 Threads: 2 Questions: 10 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 113 Flush tables: 3 Open tables: 106 Queries per
second avg: 0.166

# 使用mysqlshow查看数据库
# mysqlshow -u root -p
Enter password: Fgedu123!
+——————–+
| Databases |
+——————–+
| fgedudb |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+——————–+

# 使用mysqldump备份数据库
# mysqldump -u root -p fgedudb > fgedudb.sql
Enter password: Fgedu123!

# 使用mysqlimport导入数据
# mysqlimport -u root -p fgedudb /tmp/data.txt
Enter password: Fgedu123!

# 使用mysqlbinlog查看二进制日志
# mysqlbinlog /mysql/binlog/mysql-bin.000001 | head -50

# 使用mysqlcheck检查和修复表
# mysqlcheck -u root -p –check fgedudb
Enter password: Fgedu123!
fgedudb.fgedu_users OK

# 使用mysqldumpslow分析慢查询日志
# mysqldumpslow /mysql/logs/slow.log

# 使用MySQL Shell连接服务器
# mysqlsh -u root -p
Please provide the password for ‘root@localhost’: Fgedu123!
MySQL Shell 8.4.0

Copyright (c) 2016, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Type ‘\help’ or ‘\?’ for help; ‘\quit’ to exit.
MySQL localhost:33060+ ssl JS >

# 使用MySQL Workbench（图形界面工具）
# 启动MySQL Workbench
# mysql-workbench

# 使用mysql_config_editor管理登录凭证
# mysql_config_editor set –login-path=local –host=localhost –user=root –password
Enter password: Fgedu123!

# 使用登录凭证连接
# mysql –login-path=local

# 案例1：配置MySQL服务器参数
# 编辑配置文件
# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/mysql/logs/error.log
pid-file=/mysql/data/mysqld.pid

# 重启服务器
# systemctl restart mysqld

# 案例2：监控MySQL服务器状态
# 查看服务器状态
# mysql -u root -p -e “SHOW GLOBAL STATUS;”

# 查看服务器变量
# mysql -u root -p -e “SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES;”

# 案例3：管理MySQL服务自动启动
# 设置开机自启
# systemctl enable mysqld

# 取消开机自启
# systemctl disable mysqld

# 案例1：使用mysqldump备份所有数据库
# mysqldump -u root -p –all-databases –routines –triggers –events > all_databases.sql
Enter password: Fgedu123!

# 案例2：使用mysqldump备份单个数据库
# mysqldump -u root -p fgedudb > fgedudb.sql
Enter password: Fgedu123!

# 案例3：使用mysqldump备份单个表
# mysqldump -u root -p fgedudb fgedu_users > fgedu_users.sql
Enter password: Fgedu123!

# 案例4：使用xtrabackup进行热备份
# xtrabackup –backup –target-dir=/backup/mysql/$(date +%Y%m%d)

# 案例5：恢复备份
# mysql -u root -p fgedudb < fgedudb.sql Enter password: Fgedu123!