# 查看MySQL程序通用参数
# mysql –help | head -50
mysql Ver 8.0.36 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server – GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Usage: mysql [OPTIONS] [database]

Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
The following groups are read: mysql client
The following options may be given as the first argument:
–print-defaults Print the program argument list and exit.
–no-defaults Don’t read default options from any option file.
–defaults-file=# Only read default options from the given file #.
–defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read.

-?, –help Display this help and exit.
-I, –help Synonym for -?
–auto-rehash Enable automatic rehashing. One doesn’t need to use
‘rehash’ to get table and field completion, but startup
and reconnecting may take longer. Disable with
–disable-auto-rehash. (Defaults to on; use –skip-auto-rehash
to disable.)
-A, –no-auto-rehash
No automatic rehashing. One has to use ‘rehash’ to get
table and field completion. This gives a quicker start of
mysql and disables rehashing on reconnect.
–auto-vertical-output
Automatically switch to vertical output mode if the
result is wider than the terminal width.
-B, –batch Don’t use history file. Disable interactive behavior.
(Enables –silent.)
–character-sets-dir=name
Directory for character set files.
–column-type-info Display column type information.
-c, –comments Preserve comments. Send comments to the server.
The default is –skip-comments (discard comments),
enable with –comments.
-C, –compress Use compression in server/client protocol.
-#, –debug[=#] This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.
–debug-check Check memory and open file usage at exit.
–debug-info Print some debug info at exit.
-D, –database=name Database to use.
–default-character-set=name
Set the default character set.
–delimiter=name Delimiter to be used.
-e, –execute=name Execute command and quit. (Disables –force and history file.)
-E, –vertical Print the output of a query (rows) vertically.
-f, –force Continue even if an SQL error occurs.
-G, –named-commands
Enable named commands. Named commands mean this program’s
internal commands; see mysql> help . When enabled, the
named commands can be used from any line of the query,
otherwise only from the first line, before an enter.
Disable with –disable-named-commands. This option is
disabled by default. (Use \c to cancel commands.)
-i, –ignore-spaces Ignore spaces after function names.
–init-command=name SQL Command to execute when connecting to MySQL server.
Will automatically be re-executed when reconnecting.
–local-infile[=0|1] Enable/disable LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE.
-b, –no-beep Turn off beep on error.
-h, –host=name Connect to host.
-H, –html Produce HTML output.
-X, –xml Produce XML output.
–line-numbers Write line numbers for errors.
-L, –skip-line-numbers
Don’t write line numbers for errors.
-n, –unbuffered Flush buffer after each query.
–column-names Write column names in results. (Defaults to on)
-N, –skip-column-names
Don’t write column names in results.
-O, –set-variable=name
Change the value of a variable. Please note that this
option is deprecated; you can set variables directly with
–variable-name=value.
–show-warnings Show warnings after every statement.
-s, –silent Be more silent. Print results with a tab as separator,
each row on new line.
–ssl-mode=name SSL connection mode.
–ssl Deprecated. Use –ssl-mode instead.
–ssl-verify-server-cert
Deprecated. Use –ssl-mode=VERIFY_IDENTITY instead.
–ssl-ca=name CA file in PEM format.
–ssl-capath=name CA directory.
–ssl-cert=name X509 cert in PEM format.
–ssl-cipher=name SSL cipher to use.
–ssl-key=name X509 key in PEM format.
–ssl-crl=name Certificate revocation list.
–ssl-crlpath=name Certificate revocation list path.
–tls-version=name TLS version to use, permitted values are:
TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3
-t, –table Output in table format.
–tee=name Append everything into outfile.
-u, –user=name User for login if not current user.
-U, –safe-updates Only allow UPDATE and DELETE that uses keys.
-U, –i-am-a-dummy Synonym for option –safe-updates, -U.
-v, –verbose Write more. (-v -v -v gives the table output format)
-V, –version Output version information and exit.
-p, –password[=name]
Password to use when connecting to server.
If password is not given it’s solicited on the tty.
-P, –port=# Port number to use for connection or 0 for default to,
in order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,
/etc/services, built-in default (3306).
–protocol=name The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe, memory).
-S, –socket=name The socket file to use for connection.
–server-public-key-path=name
File path to the server public RSA key in PEM format.
–get-server-public-key
Get server public key from server.
-w, –wait Wait and retry if connection is down.
–connect-timeout=# Number of seconds before connection timeout.
–max-allowed-packet=#
The maximum packet length to send to or receive from
server.
–net-buffer-length=#
The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication.
–select-limit=# Automatic limit for SELECT statements.
–max-join-size=# Automatic limit for rows in a join.
–secure-auth Refuse client connecting to server if it uses old
(pre-4.1.1) protocol. Deprecated. Always TRUE
–server-arg=name Send argument to the server.
–show-errors Show errors. (Defaults to on)
–default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.
–binary-mode By default, ASCII \0 is disallowed and \r\n is converted to \n.
This option disables both features, and also disables
parsing of all client commands except \C and \c.
–connect-expired-password
Notify the server that this client is prepared to handle
expired password sandbox mode.
–plugin-dir=name Directory for client-side plugins.
–default-character-set=name
Set the default character set.
–histignore=name A colon-separated list of patterns to keep statements
from being logged into mysql history.
–reconnect If the connection is lost, automatically reconnect.
(Defaults to on)
–disable-reconnect
Disable auto-reconnect.
–enable-cleartext-plugin
Enable/disable the clear text authentication plugin.
–print-defaults Print the program argument list and exit.
–no-defaults Don’t read default options from any option file.
–defaults-file=# Only read default options from the given file #.
–defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read.

# 查看MySQL相关环境变量
# env | grep MYSQL
MYSQL_HOME=/usr
MYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306

# 设置MySQL环境变量
# export MYSQL_HOME=/usr
# export MYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
# export MYSQL_PWD=password

# 验证环境变量
# echo $MYSQL_HOME
/usr
# echo $MYSQL_TCP_PORT
3306

# 查看MySQL配置文件位置
# mysql –help | grep my.cnf
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf

# 查看配置文件内容
# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/mysql/data
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[client]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# 安全连接MySQL服务器
# mysql -u root -p –ssl-mode=REQUIRED
Enter password:

# 避免在命令行中指定密码
# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:

# 正确设置MySQL程序权限
# chmod 755 /usr/bin/mysql
# chown root:root /usr/bin/mysql

# 安装MySQL程序
# yum install -y mysql-community-server mysql-community-client

# 启动MySQL服务
# systemctl start mysqld
# systemctl enable mysqld

# 检查MySQL服务状态
# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service – MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2026-04-01 10:00:00 CST; 1h ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 1234 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld –daemonize –pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1235 (mysqld)
Status: “Server is operational”
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─1235 /usr/sbin/mysqld –daemonize –pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

# 使用–host参数连接远程MySQL服务器
# mysql -u root -p –host=192.168.1.100
Enter password:

# 使用–port参数指定端口
# mysql -u root -p –port=3307
Enter password:

# 使用–database参数指定数据库
# mysql -u root -p –database=fgedudb
Enter password:

# 使用–execute参数执行SQL语句
# mysql -u root -p –execute=”SELECT version();”
fgedudb
+———–+
| version() |
+———–+
| 8.0.36 |
+———–+

# 配置MySQL环境变量
# vi ~/.bashrc
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr
export MYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

# 使环境变量生效
# source ~/.bashrc

# 验证环境变量
# echo $MYSQL_HOME
/usr
# echo $MYSQL_TCP_PORT
3306
# which mysql
/usr/bin/mysql

# 配置MySQL客户端
# vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=root
password=password

# 测试配置文件
# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 123
Server version: 8.0.36 MySQL Community Server – GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> exit
Bye