# 步骤1：准备启动盘
# 使用dd命令制作启动盘
$ sudo dd if=rhel-10.0-x86_64-dvd.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=4M status=progress
9876543210 bytes (9.8 GB, 9.2 GiB) copied, 15 s, 658 MB/s
2345+1 records in
2345+1 records out
9876543210 bytes (9.8 GB, 9.2 GiB) copied, 15.123 s, 652 MB/s

$ sync

# 步骤2：启动安装程序
# 从启动盘启动，在引导菜单添加VNC参数
# 编辑引导菜单，在linux行末尾添加：inst.vnc inst.vncpassword=yourpassword

# 步骤3：查看VNC连接信息
# 安装程序启动后会显示VNC连接信息
# 例如：
# VNC server is running on 192.168.1.100:1
# Password: yourpassword

# 步骤4：使用VNC客户端连接
# 在客户端机器上安装VNC客户端
$ sudo dnf install -y tigervnc
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:00 ago on Wed 02 Apr 2026 10:00:00 AM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
tigervnc x86_64 1.12.0-5.el10 rhel-10-appstream 1.5 M
Installing dependencies:
tigervnc-server x86_64 1.12.0-5.el10 rhel-10-appstream 2.0 M
tigervnc-license noarch 1.12.0-5.el10 rhel-10-appstream 50 K

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 3 Packages

Total download size: 3.5 M
Installed size: 10 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): tigervnc-license-1.12.0-5.el10.noarch.rpm 50 KB/s | 50 KB 00:01
(2/3): tigervnc-1.12.0-5.el10.x86_64.rpm 1.5 MB/s | 1.5 MB 00:01
(3/3): tigervnc-server-1.12.0-5.el10.x86_64.rpm 2.0 MB/s | 2.0 MB 00:01
——————————————————————————–
Total 3.5 MB/s | 3.5 MB 00:01
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : tigervnc-license-1.12.0-5.el10.noarch 1/3
Installing : tigervnc-server-1.12.0-5.el10.x86_64 2/3
Installing : tigervnc-1.12.0-5.el10.x86_64 3/3
Running scriptlet: tigervnc-1.12.0-5.el10.x86_64 3/3
Verifying : tigervnc-1.12.0-5.el10.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : tigervnc-server-1.12.0-5.el10.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : tigervnc-license-1.12.0-5.el10.noarch 3/3

Installed:
tigervnc-1.12.0-5.el10.x86_64 tigervnc-server-1.12.0-5.el10.x86_64
tigervnc-license-1.12.0-5.el10.noarch

Complete!

# 步骤5：连接VNC服务器
$ vncviewer 192.168.1.100:1
# 输入密码：yourpassword
# 连接成功后可以看到图形化安装界面

# 步骤6：配置防火墙
# 在目标服务器上配置防火墙，允许VNC连接
$ sudo firewall-cmd –permanent –add-port=5901/tcp
success
$ sudo firewall-cmd –reload
success
$ sudo firewall-cmd –list-all
public (active)
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces: ens33
sources:
services: cockpit dhcpv6-client ssh
ports: 5901/tcp
protocols:
forward: no
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:

# 步骤7：验证VNC连接
$ netstat -tlnp | grep 5901
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5901 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1234/Xvnc
tcp6 0 0 :::5901 :::* LISTEN 1234/Xvnc

# 步骤8：完成安装
# 在VNC界面中完成图形化安装流程
# 安装完成后重启系统

# 步骤1：准备启动盘
# 使用dd命令制作启动盘
$ sudo dd if=rhel-10.0-x86_64-dvd.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=4M status=progress
9876543210 bytes (9.8 GB, 9.2 GiB) copied, 15 s, 658 MB/s
2345+1 records in
2345+1 records out
9876543210 bytes (9.8 GB, 9.2 GiB) copied, 15.123 s, 652 MB/s

$ sync

# 步骤2：启动安装程序
# 从启动盘启动，在引导菜单添加SSH参数
# 编辑引导菜单，在linux行末尾添加：inst.ssh inst.ks=http://192.168.1.200/ks.cfg

# 步骤3：查看SSH连接信息
# 安装程序启动后会显示SSH连接信息
# 例如：
# SSH server is running on 192.168.1.100:22
# SSH login: root
# SSH password: (随机生成的密码)

# 步骤4：使用SSH客户端连接
$ ssh root@192.168.1.100
The authenticity of host ‘192.168.1.100 (192.168.1.100)’ can’t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:abc123def4567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘192.168.1.100’ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.1.100’s password:
Last login: Wed Apr 2 10:00:00 2026 from 192.168.1.1
-sh-4.4#

# 步骤5：查看安装状态
-sh-4.4# cat /proc/cmdline
BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=RHEL-10-0-0-BaseOS-x86_64 quiet inst.ssh inst.ks=http://192.168.1.200/ks.cfg

-sh-4.4# ps aux | grep anaconda
root 1234 0.0 0.5 123456 12345 ? Ssl 10:00 0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/sbin/anaconda
root 1235 0.0 0.3 123456 12345 ? S 10:00 0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/sbin/anaconda
root 1236 0.0 0.0 123456 12345 ? S 10:00 0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/sbin/anaconda

# 步骤6：查看安装日志
-sh-4.4# tail -f /tmp/anaconda.log
10:00:00,123 INFO anaconda: Starting installation
10:00:01,234 INFO anaconda: Loading kickstart file from http://192.168.1.200/ks.cfg
10:00:02,345 INFO anaconda: Kickstart file loaded successfully
10:00:03,456 INFO anaconda: Configuring storage
10:00:04,567 INFO anaconda: Storage configuration completed
10:00:05,678 INFO anaconda: Starting package installation
10:00:06,789 INFO anaconda: Installing packages…

# 步骤7：监控安装进度
-sh-4.4# cat /tmp/anaconda.log | grep -i “installing”
10:00:06,789 INFO anaconda: Installing packages…
10:00:10,123 INFO anaconda: Installing package: setup-2.13.7.1-1.el10.noarch
10:00:10,234 INFO anaconda: Installing package: filesystem-3.16-2.el10.x86_64
10:00:10,345 INFO anaconda: Installing package: bash-5.1.8-6.el10.x86_64
10:00:10,456 INFO anaconda: Installing package: glibc-2.34-40.el10.x86_64

# 步骤8：配置防火墙
# 在目标服务器上配置防火墙，允许SSH连接
-sh-4.4# firewall-cmd –permanent –add-service=ssh
success
-sh-4.4# firewall-cmd –reload
success
-sh-4.4# firewall-cmd –list-all
public (active)
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces: ens33
sources:
services: cockpit dhcpv6-client ssh
ports:
protocols:
forward: no
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:

# 步骤9：验证SSH连接
-sh-4.4# netstat -tlnp | grep 22
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1234/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1234/sshd

# 步骤10：完成安装
# 安装完成后重启系统
-sh-4.4# reboot

# 步骤1：创建Kickstart配置文件
$ vi ks.cfg
# Kickstart配置文件内容
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=RHEL10
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use network installation
url –url=”http://192.168.1.200/rhel10″
# Use text mode install
text
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Root password
rootpw –iscrypted $6$abc123def4567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
# System authorization information
auth –useshadow –passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader –location=mbr –boot-drive=sda
# Partition clearing information
clearpart –all –initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot –fstype=”xfs” –size=500
part swap –fstype=”swap” –size=2048
part / –fstype=”xfs” –grow –size=1
# Network information
network –bootproto=dhcp –device=ens33 –onboot=on
# Firewall configuration
firewall –enabled –service=ssh
# SELinux configuration
selinux –enforcing
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# Package installation
%packages
@base
@core
@development
vim
wget
curl
git
%end
# Post-installation script
%post –log=/root/ks-post.log
#!/bin/bash
# Update system
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
dnf update -y
# Install additional packages
dnf install -y vim wget curl git
# Configure firewall
firewall-cmd –permanent –add-service=ssh
firewall-cmd –reload
# Configure SSH
sed -i ‘s/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin yes/’ /etc/ssh/sshd_config
systemctl restart sshd
# Create user
useradd -m -s /bin/bash fgedu
echo “fgedu:password” | chpasswd
echo “fgedu ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL” >> /etc/sudoers
%end

# 步骤2：验证Kickstart配置文件
$ ksvalidator ks.cfg
Kickstart file ks.cfg is valid

# 步骤3：部署Kickstart配置文件
$ sudo cp ks.cfg /var/www/html/
$ sudo chmod 644 /var/www/html/ks.cfg
$ sudo chown apache:apache /var/www/html/ks.cfg

# 步骤4：验证Kickstart配置文件访问
$ curl -I http://192.168.1.200/ks.cfg
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 02 Apr 2026 10:00:00 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.57 (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)
Last-Modified: Wed, 02 Apr 2026 10:00:00 GMT
ETag: “12345-567890”
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 567890
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

# 步骤5：启动自动化安装
# 从启动盘启动，在引导菜单添加Kickstart参数
# 编辑引导菜单，在linux行末尾添加：inst.ks=http://192.168.1.200/ks.cfg

# 步骤6：监控安装进度
$ ssh root@192.168.1.100
root@192.168.1.100’s password:
Last login: Wed Apr 2 10:00:00 2026 from 192.168.1.1
-sh-4.4# tail -f /tmp/anaconda.log
10:00:00,123 INFO anaconda: Starting installation
10:00:01,234 INFO anaconda: Loading kickstart file from http://192.168.1.200/ks.cfg
10:00:02,345 INFO anaconda: Kickstart file loaded successfully
10:00:03,456 INFO anaconda: Configuring storage
10:00:04,567 INFO anaconda: Storage configuration completed
10:00:05,678 INFO anaconda: Starting package installation
10:00:06,789 INFO anaconda: Installing packages…
10:00:10,123 INFO anaconda: Installing package: setup-2.13.7.1-1.el10.noarch
10:00:10,234 INFO anaconda: Installing package: filesystem-3.16-2.el10.x86_64
10:00:10,345 INFO anaconda: Installing package: bash-5.1.8-6.el10.x86_64
10:00:10,456 INFO anaconda: Installing package: glibc-2.34-40.el10.x86_64
10:00:15,567 INFO anaconda: Package installation completed
10:00:16,678 INFO anaconda: Running post-installation script
10:00:20,789 INFO anaconda: Post-installation script completed
10:00:21,890 INFO anaconda: Installation completed successfully

# 步骤7：验证安装结果
# 安装完成后重启系统，SSH连接到新系统
$ ssh fgedu@192.168.1.100
fgedu@192.168.1.100’s password:
[fgedu@rhel10-server ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 10.0 (Plow)

[fgedu@rhel10-server ~]$ dnf list installed | grep -E “vim|wget|curl|git”
vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:9.0.1234-1.el10 @anaconda
wget.x86_64 1.21.1-7.el10 @anaconda
curl.x86_64 7.76.1-19.el10 @anaconda
git.x86_64 2.39.3-1.el10 @anaconda

#!/bin/bash
# remote_install_monitor.sh
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn

# 远程安装监控脚本
echo “=== 远程安装监控 ===”

# 服务器列表
SERVERS=(
“192.168.1.100”
“192.168.1.101”
“192.168.1.102”
)

# 检查SSH连接
echo “”
echo “=== SSH连接检查 ===”
for SERVER in “${SERVERS[@]}”; do
echo “检查服务器: $SERVER”
if ssh -o ConnectTimeout=5 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@$SERVER “echo ‘SSH连接成功'” 2>/dev/null; then
echo “OK: $SERVER SSH连接正常”
else
echo “ERROR: $SERVER SSH连接失败”
fi
done

# 检查VNC连接
echo “”
echo “=== VNC连接检查 ===”
for SERVER in “${SERVERS[@]}”; do
echo “检查服务器: $SERVER”
if nc -z -w5 $SERVER 5901 2>/dev/null; then
echo “OK: $SERVER VNC连接正常”
else
echo “ERROR: $SERVER VNC连接失败”
fi
done

# 检查安装状态
echo “”
echo “=== 安装状态检查 ===”
for SERVER in “${SERVERS[@]}”; do
echo “检查服务器: $SERVER”
if ssh -o ConnectTimeout=5 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@$SERVER “cat /proc/cmdline” 2>/dev/null | grep -q “anaconda”; then
echo “INFO: $SERVER 正在安装中”
ssh -o ConnectTimeout=5 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@$SERVER “tail -5 /tmp/anaconda.log” 2>/dev/null
elif ssh -o ConnectTimeout=5 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@$SERVER “cat /etc/redhat-release” 2>/dev/null; then
echo “OK: $SERVER 安装完成”
ssh -o ConnectTimeout=5 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@$SERVER “cat /etc/redhat-release” 2>/dev/null
else
echo “ERROR: $SERVER 安装状态未知”
fi
done

# 执行脚本
$ chmod +x remote_install_monitor.sh
$ ./remote_install_monitor.sh
=== 远程安装监控 ===

=== SSH连接检查 ===
检查服务器: 192.168.1.100
SSH连接成功
OK: 192.168.1.100 SSH连接正常
检查服务器: 192.168.1.101
SSH连接成功
OK: 192.168.1.101 SSH连接正常
检查服务器: 192.168.1.102
SSH连接成功
OK: 192.168.1.102 SSH连接正常

=== VNC连接检查 ===
检查服务器: 192.168.1.100
OK: 192.168.1.100 VNC连接正常
检查服务器: 192.168.1.101
OK: 192.168.1.101 VNC连接正常
检查服务器: 192.168.1.102
OK: 192.168.1.102 VNC连接正常

=== 安装状态检查 ===
检查服务器: 192.168.1.100
INFO: 192.168.1.100 正在安装中
10:00:20,789 INFO anaconda: Installing packages…
10:00:21,890 INFO anaconda: Installing package: setup-2.13.7.1-1.el10.noarch
10:00:22,123 INFO anaconda: Installing package: filesystem-3.16-2.el10.x86_64
10:00:22,234 INFO anaconda: Installing package: bash-5.1.8-6.el10.x86_64
10:00:22,345 INFO anaconda: Installing package: glibc-2.34-40.el10.x86_64
检查服务器: 192.168.1.101
OK: 192.168.1.101 安装完成
Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 10.0 (Plow)
检查服务器: 192.168.1.102
OK: 192.168.1.102 安装完成
Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 10.0 (Plow)

#!/bin/bash
# batch_install.sh
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn

# 批量安装脚本
echo “=== 批量安装 ===”

# 服务器列表
SERVERS=(
“192.168.1.100”
“192.168.1.101”
“192.168.1.102”
)

# Kickstart配置文件URL
KS_URL=”http://192.168.1.200/ks.cfg”

# 启动安装
echo “”
echo “=== 启动安装 ===”
for SERVER in “${SERVERS[@]}”; do
echo “启动服务器: $SERVER”
# 这里需要根据实际情况调整，例如使用IPMI、iLO等工具
# 以下是示例命令
# ipmitool -H $SERVER -U admin -P password power on
# ipmitool -H $SERVER -U admin -P password chassis bootdev pxe
echo “INFO: $SERVER 安装已启动”
done

# 等待安装完成
echo “”
echo “=== 等待安装完成 ===”
sleep 300

# 检查安装状态
echo “”
echo “=== 检查安装状态 ===”
for SERVER in “${SERVERS[@]}”; do
echo “检查服务器: $SERVER”
if ssh -o ConnectTimeout=5 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@$SERVER “cat /etc/redhat-release” 2>/dev/null; then
echo “OK: $SERVER 安装完成”
else
echo “ERROR: $SERVER 安装失败”
fi
done

# 配置服务器
echo “”
echo “=== 配置服务器 ===”
for SERVER in “${SERVERS[@]}”; do
echo “配置服务器: $SERVER”
ssh -o ConnectTimeout=5 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@$SERVER << 'EOF' # 更新系统 dnf update -y # 配置防火墙 firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ssh firewall-cmd --reload # 配置SSH sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin yes/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config systemctl restart sshd # 创建用户 useradd -m -s /bin/bash fgedu echo "fgedu:password" | chpasswd echo "fgedu ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
# 安装常用工具
dnf install -y vim wget curl git
EOF
echo “OK: $SERVER 配置完成”
done

# 验证配置
echo “”
echo “=== 验证配置 ===”
for SERVER in “${SERVERS[@]}”; do
echo “验证服务器: $SERVER”
ssh -o ConnectTimeout=5 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no fgedu@$SERVER << 'EOF' echo "=== 系统信息 ===" cat /etc/redhat-release uname -a echo "=== 用户信息 ===" whoami id echo "=== 已安装软件 ===" dnf list installed | grep -E "vim|wget|curl|git" EOF done # 执行脚本 $ chmod +x batch_install.sh $ ./batch_install.sh === 批量安装 === === 启动安装 === 启动服务器: 192.168.1.100 INFO: 192.168.1.100 安装已启动 启动服务器: 192.168.1.101 INFO: 192.168.1.101 安装已启动 启动服务器: 192.168.1.102 INFO: 192.168.1.102 安装已启动 === 等待安装完成 === === 检查安装状态 === 检查服务器: 192.168.1.100 Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 10.0 (Plow) OK: 192.168.1.100 安装完成 检查服务器: 192.168.1.101 Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 10.0 (Plow) OK: 192.168.1.101 安装完成 检查服务器: 192.168.1.102 Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 10.0 (Plow) OK: 192.168.1.102 安装完成 === 配置服务器 === 配置服务器: 192.168.1.100 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:00 ago on Wed 02 Apr 2026 10:00:00 AM CST. Dependencies resolved. Nothing to do. Complete! success success Installed: git-2.39.3-1.el10.x86_64 vim-enhanced-2:9.0.1234-1.el10.x86_64 curl-7.76.1-19.el10.x86_64 wget-1.21.1-7.el10.x86_64 Complete! OK: 192.168.1.100 配置完成 配置服务器: 192.168.1.101 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:00 ago on Wed 02 Apr 2026 10:00:00 AM CST. Dependencies resolved. Nothing to do. Complete! success success Installed: git-2.39.3-1.el10.x86_64 vim-enhanced-2:9.0.1234-1.el10.x86_64 curl-7.76.1-19.el10.x86_64 wget-1.21.1-7.el10.x86_64 Complete! OK: 192.168.1.101 配置完成 配置服务器: 192.168.1.102 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:00 ago on Wed 02 Apr 2026 10:00:00 AM CST. Dependencies resolved. Nothing to do. Complete! success success Installed: git-2.39.3-1.el10.x86_64 vim-enhanced-2:9.0.1234-1.el10.x86_64 curl-7.76.1-19.el10.x86_64 wget-1.21.1-7.el10.x86_64 Complete! OK: 192.168.1.102 配置完成 === 验证配置 === 验证服务器: 192.168.1.100 === 系统信息 === Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 10.0 (Plow) Linux rhel10-server 5.14.0-123.el9.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Wed Apr 2 10:00:00 CST 2026 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux === 用户信息 === fgedu uid=1000(fgedu) gid=1000(fgedu) groups=1000(fgedu),10(wheel) === 已安装软件 === vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:9.0.1234-1.el10 @anaconda wget.x86_64 1.21.1-7.el10 @anaconda curl.x86_64 7.76.1-19.el10 @anaconda git.x86_64 2.39.3-1.el10 @anaconda