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Linux教程FG102-dnf repolist命令（存储库列表查看/启用/禁用）

教程整理：风哥教程  |  更新时间：2026-01-25  |  教程分类：Linux教程  |  文档学习：27

本文档风哥主要介绍dnf repolist命令的使用，包括DNF存储库的概念、DNF存储库类型、DNF存储库配置文件、dnf repolist基础命令详解、dnf
repolist常用选项详解、存储库启用/禁用操作、存储库查看实战案例、存储库管理实战案例、存储库故障排查与解决等内容，参考Red Hat Enterprise Linux
10官方文档，适合Linux运维人员在学习和测试中使用，如果要应用于生产环境则需要自行确认。

Part01-基础概念与理论知识

1.1 DNF存储库的概念

DNF存储库（Repository）是软件包的集合，包含软件包的元数据和软件包文件。存储库可以是本地的（如ISO镜像挂载）或远程的（如HTTP/FTP服务器）。DNF从存储库中获取软件包信息、下载和安装软件包。更多视频教程www.fgedu.net.cn

DNF存储库的主要特点：

  • 包含软件包的元数据（依赖关系、版本信息等）
  • 包含软件包文件（RPM包）
  • 支持本地和远程存储库
  • 支持多个存储库同时使用
  • 支持存储库优先级
  • 支持GPG签名验证

1.2 DNF存储库类型

DNF存储库类型：

  • BaseOS：基础操作系统软件包
  • AppStream：应用程序软件包
  • Extras：额外软件包
  • CRB：CodeReady Builder（开发工具）
  • 本地存储库：本地ISO镜像或目录
  • 远程存储库：HTTP/FTP/NFS服务器
  • 第三方存储库：EPEL、Remi等

1.3 DNF存储库配置文件

DNF存储库配置文件：

  • /etc/dnf/dnf.conf：DNF主配置文件
  • /etc/yum.repos.d/：存储库配置文件目录
  • /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo：存储库配置文件
  • /var/cache/dnf/：DNF缓存目录
风哥提示：DNF存储库是软件包管理的基础，合理配置存储库可以提高软件包安装和更新的速度。建议配置本地存储库以提高速度。

Part02-生产环境规划与建议

2.1 DNF存储库在生产环境的规划

DNF存储库在生产环境的规划要点：

# DNF存储库生产环境规划
– 配置本地存储库提高速度
– 配置镜像存储库作为备份
– 配置存储库优先级
– 启用GPG检查
– 定期更新存储库元数据
– 监控存储库可用性

# 存储库配置规划
– 配置官方存储库
– 配置镜像存储库
– 配置本地存储库
– 配置存储库优先级
– 启用GPG检查
– 配置代理服务器

2.2 DNF存储库管理最佳实践

DNF存储库管理最佳实践：

  • 本地存储库：配置本地存储库提高速度
  • 镜像存储库：配置镜像存储库作为备份
  • 优先级：配置存储库优先级
  • GPG检查：启用GPG签名验证
  • 定期更新：定期更新存储库元数据
  • 监控：监控存储库可用性

2.3 DNF存储库安全配置建议

DNF存储库安全配置建议：

  • GPG检查：启用GPG签名验证
  • 官方存储库：使用官方或可信的存储库
  • HTTPS：使用HTTPS协议访问远程存储库
  • 代理：配置代理服务器
  • 审计：启用DNF审计日志
生产环境建议：配置本地存储库提高更新速度，启用GPG检查确保软件包完整性，配置镜像存储库作为备份。学习交流加群风哥微信: itpux-com

Part03-生产环境项目实施方案

3.1 dnf repolist基础命令详解

3.1.1 查看所有存储库

# 查看所有已启用的存储库
# dnf repolist
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
repo id repo name
appstream Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – AppStream
baseos Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – BaseOS
extras Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – Extras

# 查看所有存储库（包括已禁用的）
# dnf repolist –all
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
repo id repo name status
appstream Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – AppStream enabled: 10,123
baseos Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – BaseOS enabled: 5,456
crb Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – CRB disabled
extras Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – Extras enabled: 234
local-repo Local Repository disabled

# 2. 查看存储库详细信息
# dnf repolist –verbose
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
Repo-id : appstream
Repo-name : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – AppStream
Repo-revision : 1234567890
Repo-updated : Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026
Repo-pkgs : 10,123
Repo-size : 12.3 G
Repo-baseurl : https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel10/10/x86_64/appstream/os
Repo-expire : 172,800 second(s) (last: Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo

# 3. 查看指定存储库
# dnf repolist –repo baseos –verbose
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
Repo-id : baseos
Repo-name : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – BaseOS
Repo-revision : 1234567890
Repo-updated : Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026
Repo-pkgs : 5,456
Repo-size : 8.9 G
Repo-baseurl : https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel10/10/x86_64/baseos/os
Repo-expire : 172,800 second(s) (last: Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo

4.2 存储库管理实战案例

4.2.1 配置本地存储库

# 1. 挂载RHEL 10 ISO镜像
# mount -o loop /path/to/rhel-10-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.

# 2. 创建本地存储库配置文件
# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo << EOF [local-repo] name=Local RHEL 10 Repository baseurl=file:///mnt enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 EOF # 3. 验证本地存储库 # dnf repolist Updating Subscription Management repositories. Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026. repo id repo name appstream Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 - AppStream baseos Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 - BaseOS extras Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 - Extras local-repo Local RHEL 10 Repository # 4. 使用本地存储库安装软件包 # dnf install --enablerepo=local-repo nginx Updating Subscription Management repositories. Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026. Dependencies resolved.================================================================================Package Architecture Version Repository Size================================================================================Installing: nginx x86_64 1:1.22.1-2.el9 local-repo 35 k Installing dependencies: nginx-core x86_64 1:1.22.1-2.el9 local-repo 540 k nginx-filesystem noarch 1:1.22.1-2.el9 local-repo 11 k Transaction Summary================================================================================Install 3 Packages Total download size: 586 k Installed size: 1.9 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/3): nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch.rpm 11 kB/s | 11 kB 00:00 (2/3): nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64.rpm 35 kB/s | 35 kB 00:00 (3/3): nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64.rpm 540 kB/s | 540 kB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 586 kB/s | 586 kB 00:00 Running transaction check Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch 1/3 Installing : nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 2/3 Installing : nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 3/3 Running scriptlet: nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 3/3 Verifying : nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 2/3 Verifying : nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch 3/3 Complete! # 5. 配置开机自动挂载ISO镜像 # echo "/path/to/rhel-10-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt iso9660 ro,loop 0 0">> /etc/fstab

4.3 存储库故障排查与解决

4.3.1 存储库元数据过期

# 问题现象：DNF命令报错”Metadata expired”
# 分析步骤：

# 1. 查看错误信息
# dnf repolist
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Error: Failed to download metadata for repo ‘appstream’: Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in
mirrorlist

# 2. 清理缓存
# dnf clean all
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
0 files removed

# 3. 重新生成缓存
# dnf makecache
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Metadata cache created.

# 4. 验证存储库
# dnf repolist
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
repo id repo name
appstream Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – AppStream
baseos Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – BaseOS
extras Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – Extras

# 5. 预防措施
# – 定期清理缓存
# – 配置缓存过期时间
# – 使用本地存储库

4.3.2 存储库连接失败

# 问题现象：DNF命令报错”Cannot download repomd.xml”
# 分析步骤：

# 1. 检查网络连接
# ping -c 4 cdn.redhat.com
PING cdn.redhat.com (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from cdn.redhat.com (192.168.1.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.123 ms
64 bytes from cdn.redhat.com (192.168.1.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.123 ms
64 bytes from cdn.redhat.com (192.168.1.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.123 ms
64 bytes from cdn.redhat.com (192.168.1.1): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.123 ms
— cdn.redhat.com ping statistics —
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.123/0.123/0.123/0.000 ms

# 2. 检查DNS解析
# nslookup cdn.redhat.com
Server: 192.168.1.1
Address: 192.168.1.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name: cdn.redhat.com
Address: 192.168.1.1

# 3. 检查防火墙
# firewall-cmd –list-all
public (active)
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces: eth0
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client ssh
ports:
protocols:
forward: no
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:

# 4. 配置代理服务器
# cat > /etc/dnf/dnf.conf << EOF [main] proxy=http://proxy.example.com:3128 EOF # 5. 预防措施 # - 配置镜像存储库 # - 配置本地存储库 # - 配置代理服务器

生产环境建议：存储库故障排查需要耐心和细致。元数据过期可以使用dnf clean
all解决，连接失败需要检查网络连接和DNS解析。更多学习教程公众号风哥教程itpux_com

Part05-风哥经验总结与分享

5.1 DNF存储库管理经验总结

DNF存储库管理经验总结：

  • 本地存储库：配置本地存储库提高速度
  • 镜像存储库：配置镜像存储库作为备份
  • 优先级：配置存储库优先级
  • GPG检查：启用GPG签名验证
  • 定期更新：定期更新存储库元数据
  • 监控：监控存储库可用性

5.2 DNF存储库操作检查清单

DNF存储库操作检查清单：

  • 配置前：检查存储库配置文件
  • 配置时：使用dnf config-manager或手动编辑
  • 配置后：验证存储库配置
  • 使用前：检查存储库状态
  • 使用时：使用–enablerepo/–disablerepo选项
  • 故障排查：清理缓存、检查网络连接

5.3 DNF存储库相关工具推荐

DNF存储库相关工具推荐：

  • dnf config-manager：管理存储库配置
  • dnf-plugins-core：DNF核心插件
  • createrepo：创建本地存储库
  • reposync：同步存储库
  • repomanage：管理存储库软件包
风哥提示：DNF存储库是软件包管理的基础，合理配置存储库可以提高软件包安装和更新的速度。建议配置本地存储库以提高速度，配置镜像存储库作为备份。

Repository disabled

# 查看已禁用的存储库
# dnf repolist –disabled
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
repo id repo name
crb Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – CRB
local-repo Local Repository

# 查看已启用的存储库（详细信息）
# dnf repolist –verbose
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
Repo-id : appstream
Repo-name : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – AppStream
Repo-revision : 1234567890
Repo-updated : Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026
Repo-pkgs : 10,123
Repo-size : 12.3 G
Repo-baseurl : https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel10/10/x86_64/appstream/os
Repo-expire : 172,800 second(s) (last: Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo

Repo-id : baseos
Repo-name : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – BaseOS
Repo-revision : 1234567890
Repo-updated : Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026
Repo-pkgs : 5,456
Repo-size : 8.9 G
Repo-baseurl : https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel10/10/x86_64/baseos/os
Repo-expire : 172,800 second(s) (last: Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo

Repo-id : extras
Repo-name : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – Extras
Repo-revision : 1234567890
Repo-updated : Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026
Repo-pkgs : 234
Repo-size : 1.2 G
Repo-baseurl : https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel10/10/x86_64/extras/os
Repo-expire : 172,800 second(s) (last: Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo

3.2 dnf repolist常用选项详解

3.2.1 dnf repolist常用选项

# dnf repolist常用选项
# –all 显示所有存储库（包括已禁用的）
# –enabled 显示已启用的存储库（默认）
# –disabled 显示已禁用的存储库
# –verbose 显示详细信息
# –refresh 强制刷新元数据
# –enablerepo REPO 临时启用指定存储库
# –disablerepo REPO 临时禁用指定存储库
# –repo REPO 仅显示指定存储库

# 强制刷新元数据并查看存储库
# dnf repolist –refresh
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
repo id repo name
appstream Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – AppStream
baseos Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – BaseOS
extras Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – Extras

# 仅显示指定存储库
# dnf repolist –repo baseos
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
repo id repo name
baseos Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – BaseOS

# 临时启用已禁用的存储库
# dnf repolist –enablerepo crb
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
repo id repo name
appstream Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – AppStream
baseos Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – BaseOS
crb Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – CRB
extras Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – Extras

3.3 存储库启用/禁用操作

3.3.1 使用dnf config-manager启用/禁用存储库

# 查看存储库配置文件
# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo
[appstream]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – AppStream
baseurl=https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel10/10/x86_64/appstream/os
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[baseos]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – BaseOS
baseurl=https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel10/10/x86_64/baseos/os
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[extras]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – Extras
baseurl=https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel10/10/x86_64/extras/os
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[crb]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – CRB
baseurl=https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel10/10/x86_64/crb/os
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

# 启用存储库
# dnf config-manager –set-enabled crb
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.

# 验证存储库已启用
# dnf repolist
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
repo id repo name
appstream Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – AppStream
baseos Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – BaseOS
crb Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – CRB
extras Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – Extras

# 禁用存储库
# dnf config-manager –set-disabled crb
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.

# 验证存储库已禁用
# dnf repolist
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
repo id repo name
appstream Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – AppStream
baseos Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – BaseOS
extras Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – Extras

3.3.2 手动编辑存储库配置文件

# 编辑存储库配置文件
# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo

# 修改enabled参数
# enabled=1 启用存储库
# enabled=0 禁用存储库

# 重新加载存储库配置
# dnf clean all
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
0 files removed

# dnf makecache
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Metadata cache created.

# 验证存储库配置
# dnf repolist
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
repo id repo name
appstream Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – AppStream
baseos Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – BaseOS
extras Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – Extras

风哥提示：dnf config-manager是管理存储库的便捷工具，可以快速启用/禁用存储库。也可以手动编辑存储库配置文件。学习交流加群风哥QQ113257174

Part04-生产案例与实战讲解

4.1 存储库查看实战案例

4.1.1 查看存储库详细信息

# 1. 查看所有存储库
# dnf repolist –all
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
repo id repo name status
appstream Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – AppStream enabled: 10,123
baseos Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – BaseOS enabled: 5,456
crb Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – CRB disabled
extras Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 – Extras enabled: 234
local-repo Local

本文由风哥教程整理发布,仅用于学习测试使用,转载注明出处:http://www.fgedu.net.cn/10327.html

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