1. 云计算监控概述
云计算监控是确保云环境稳定运行的关键，包括资源使用情况、性能指标、安全状态等多个方面。更多学习教程www.fgedu.net.cn
2. AWS监控服务
AWS提供了丰富的监控服务，如CloudWatch、CloudTrail、GuardDuty等。学习交流加群风哥微信: itpux-com
$ aws cloudwatch get-metric-statistics \
–namespace AWS/EC2 \
–metric-name CPUUtilization \
–dimensions Name=InstanceId,Value=i-0123456789abcdef0 \
–start-time 2026-04-01T00:00:00Z \
–end-time 2026-04-04T00:00:00Z \
–period 3600 \
–statistics Average
{
“Label”: “CPUUtilization”,
“Datapoints”: [
{
“Timestamp”: “2026-04-01T00:00:00Z”,
“Average”: 12.3,
“Unit”: “Percent”
},
{
“Timestamp”: “2026-04-01T01:00:00Z”,
“Average”: 15.7,
“Unit”: “Percent”
}
]
}
3. Azure监控服务
Azure提供了Azure Monitor、Application Insights等监控服务。学习交流加群风哥QQ113257174
$ az monitor metrics list \
–resource /subscriptions/{subscriptionId}/resourceGroups/{resourceGroup}/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/{vmName} \
–metric “Percentage CPU” \
–interval PT1H \
–start-time 2026-04-01T00:00:00Z \
–end-time 2026-04-04T00:00:00Z
{
“cost”: null,
“interval”: “PT1H”,
“namespace”: “Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines”,
“resourceregion”: “eastus”,
“timespan”: “2026-04-01T00:00:00Z/2026-04-04T00:00:00Z”,
“value”: [
{
“id”: “/subscriptions/{subscriptionId}/resourceGroups/{resourceGroup}/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/{vmName}/providers/Microsoft.Insights/metrics/Percentage%20CPU”,
“name”: {
“localizedValue”: “Percentage CPU”,
“value”: “Percentage CPU”
},
“resourceGroup”: “{resourceGroup}”,
“timeseries”: [
{
“data”: [
{
“average”: 10.5,
“count”: 60,
“maximum”: 25.3,
“minimum”: 2.1,
“timeStamp”: “2026-04-01T00:00:00Z”,
“total”: 630
}
],
“metadatavalues”: []
}
],
“type”: “Microsoft.Insights/metrics”,
“unit”: “Percent”
}
]
}
4. Google Cloud监控服务
Google Cloud提供了Cloud Monitoring、Cloud Logging等监控服务。更多学习教程公众号风哥教程itpux_com
$ gcloud monitoring metrics list –filter=”metric.type=compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization”
—
name: projects/{project_id}/metrics/compute.googleapis.com/instance/cpu/utilization
type: gauge
valueType: DOUBLE
unit: “1”
description: The fraction of the CPU that is being used by the instance.
5. Prometheus与Grafana
Prometheus是一个开源的监控系统，Grafana用于可视化监控数据。
$ wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.52.0/prometheus-2.52.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ tar xvfz prometheus-2.52.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ cd prometheus-2.52.0.linux-amd64
$ ./prometheus –config.file=prometheus.yml
# 安装Grafana
$ sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https software-properties-common
$ wget -q -O – https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | sudo apt-key add –
$ echo “deb https://packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main” | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install grafana
$ sudo systemctl start grafana-server
$ sudo systemctl enable grafana-server
6. 告警策略
制定合理的告警策略是确保系统稳定运行的重要保障。
groups:
– name: example
rules:
– alert: HighCpuUsage
expr: cpu_usage_percent > 80
for: 5m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: “High CPU usage detected”
description: “CPU usage is above 80% for 5 minutes”
– alert: HighMemoryUsage
expr: memory_usage_percent > 90
for: 10m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: “High memory usage detected”
description: “Memory usage is above 90% for 10 minutes”
7. 性能优化
基于监控数据进行性能优化是云计算管理的重要部分。
8. 成本监控
监控云服务成本是云计算管理的重要方面，可以避免不必要的开支。
$ aws ce get-cost-and-usage \
–time-period Start=2026-04-01,End=2026-04-04 \
–granularity DAILY \
–metrics “BlendedCost” “UnblendedCost” “UsageQuantity”
# Azure成本监控
$ az costmanagement export create \
–name MyExport \
–resource-group MyResourceGroup \
–storage-account-id /subscriptions/{subscriptionId}/resourceGroups/{resourceGroup}/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/{storageAccount} \
–storage-container-name exports \
–storage-directory-path cost-exports \
–schedule “{\”frequency\”:\”Daily\”,\”interval\”:1}” \
–timeframe MonthToDate \
–type ActualCost
9. 安全监控
安全监控是云计算管理的重要组成部分，确保云环境的安全。
$ aws guardduty list-findings \
–detector-id 12abc34d567e89f01234567890abcdef \
–finding-criteria ‘{“Criterion”:{“severity”:{“Eq”:[“HIGH”]}}}’
# Azure安全监控
$ az security alert list
# Google Cloud安全监控
$ gcloud security center findings list
10. 最佳实践
云计算监控与管理的最佳实践包括以下几个方面。author:www.itpux.com
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