# 安装PyJWT
$ pip install pyjwt

# 示例代码
import jwt
import datetime

# 生成JWT令牌
def generate_token(user_id):
payload = {
‘user_id’: user_id,
‘exp’: datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(hours=24),
‘iat’: datetime.datetime.utcnow()
}
token = jwt.encode(payload, ‘secret_key’, algorithm=’HS256′)
return token

# 验证JWT令牌
def verify_token(token):
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, ‘secret_key’, algorithms=[‘HS256’])
return payload[‘user_id’]
except jwt.ExpiredSignatureError:
return None
except jwt.InvalidTokenError:
return None

# 示例使用
user_id = 123
token = generate_token(user_id)
print(f”Generated token: {token}”)

# 验证令牌
verified_user_id = verify_token(token)
print(f”Verified user ID: {verified_user_id}”)

from flask import Flask, jsonify, request

app = Flask(__name__)

# 自定义错误处理
@app.errorhandler(400)
def bad_request(error):
return jsonify({
‘error’: ‘Bad Request’,
‘message’: str(error)
}), 400

@app.errorhandler(401)
def unauthorized(error):
return jsonify({
‘error’: ‘Unauthorized’,
‘message’: str(error)
}), 401

@app.errorhandler(404)
def not_found(error):
return jsonify({
‘error’: ‘Not Found’,
‘message’: str(error)
}), 404

@app.errorhandler(500)
def internal_server_error(error):
return jsonify({
‘error’: ‘Internal Server Error’,
‘message’: str(error)
}), 500

# 路由示例
@app.route(‘/api/products/‘, methods=[‘GET’])
def get_product(product_id):
try:
# 模拟数据库查询
if product_id == 0:
raise ValueError(‘Invalid product ID’)
# 假设找到产品
product = {
‘id’: product_id,
‘name’: ‘Product Name’,
‘price’: 100.0
}
return jsonify(product)
except ValueError as e:
return jsonify({
‘error’: ‘Bad Request’,
‘message’: str(e)
}), 400
except Exception as e:
return jsonify({
‘error’: ‘Internal Server Error’,
‘message’: str(e)
}), 500

if __name__ == ‘__main__’:
app.run(debug=True)

import logging
import os
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler

# 配置日志
def setup_logging():
# 创建日志目录
log_dir = ‘logs’
if not os.path.exists(log_dir):
os.makedirs(log_dir)

# 配置根日志
logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.INFO,
format=’%(asctime)s – %(name)s – %(levelname)s – %(message)s’,
handlers=[
RotatingFileHandler(
os.path.join(log_dir, ‘app.log’),
maxBytes=10485760, # 10MB
backupCount=5
),
logging.StreamHandler()
]
)

# 使用日志
setup_logging()
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# 记录不同级别的日志
logger.debug(‘This is a debug message’)
logger.info(‘This is an info message’)
logger.warning(‘This is a warning message’)
logger.error(‘This is an error message’)
logger.critical(‘This is a critical message’)

# 记录异常
try:
1 / 0
except Exception as e:
logger.exception(‘An exception occurred: %s’, str(e))