it教程FG193-NBU备份监控与告警

1. 监控与告警概述

监控与告警是NBU备份系统管理的重要组成部分，通过有效的监控可以及时发现和解决问题，确保备份系统的正常运行。本章节将详细介绍NBU的监控工具、监控方法和告警配置。更多学习教程www.fgedu.net.cn

# 查看NBU监控相关命令
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpgetconfig | grep -i monitor

MONITOR_ENABLED = YES
ALERT_ENABLED = YES
REPORTING_ENABLED = YES

2. 监控工具

NBU提供了多种监控工具，包括命令行工具、图形界面工具和API接口。

2.1 命令行工具

# 查看备份作业状态
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpdbjobs

Job ID Type State Status Client Policy Schedule
——- ———- ——– ————— ————– ————— —————
12345 Backup Done Successful client1 FULL_BACKUP Full
12346 Backup Done Failed client2 INCR_BACKUP Differential
12347 Restore Done Successful client3 FULL_BACKUP Full
12348 Duplication Done Successful client1 FULL_BACKUP Full

# 查看服务器状态
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpps

NB Processes
———–
root 12345 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bprd
root 12346 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpcd
root 12347 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/nbfsd
root 12348 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/vnetd
root 12349 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpjava-msvc
root 12350 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpdbm

2.2 图形界面工具

NetBackup Administration Console：NBU的图形管理界面，提供全面的监控和管理功能
NetBackup OpsCenter：企业级监控和报告工具，提供更高级的监控和分析功能

2.3 API接口

# 使用REST API获取作业信息
# curl -k -u admin:password https://master_server:1556/api/v1/jobs

{
“data”: [
{
“id”: “12345”,
“type”: “Backup”,
“state”: “Done”,
“status”: “Successful”,
“clientName”: “client1”,
“policyName”: “FULL_BACKUP”,
“scheduleName”: “Full”,
“startTime”: “2026-04-02T20:00:00Z”,
“endTime”: “2026-04-02T20:30:00Z”
},
{
“id”: “12346”,
“type”: “Backup”,
“state”: “Done”,
“status”: “Failed”,
“clientName”: “client2”,
“policyName”: “INCR_BACKUP”,
“scheduleName”: “Differential”,
“startTime”: “2026-04-02T21:00:00Z”,
“endTime”: “2026-04-02T21:15:00Z”
}
],
“links”: {
“self”: “https://master_server:1556/api/v1/jobs”,
“next”: “https://master_server:1556/api/v1/jobs?page=2”
},
“meta”: {
“page”: 1,
“pageSize”: 10,
“totalCount”: 100
}
}

3. 作业监控

作业监控是NBU监控的核心，通过监控备份作业的状态和进度，可以及时发现和解决问题。

3.1 作业状态监控

# 查看活动作业
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpdbjobs -active

Job ID Type State Status Client Policy Schedule
——- ———- ——– ————— ————– ————— —————
12345 Backup Active In Progress client1 FULL_BACKUP Full
12346 Backup Active In Progress client2 INCR_BACKUP Differential

# 查看失败作业
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpdbjobs -failed -hours 24

Job ID Type State Status Client Policy Schedule
——- ———- ——– ————— ————– ————— —————
12347 Backup Done Failed client3 FULL_BACKUP Full

# 查看作业详细信息
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpjobinfo -jobid 12347 -details

Job ID: 12347
Job Type: Backup
State: Done
Status: Failed
Client: client3
Policy: FULL_BACKUP
Schedule: Full
Start Time: 04/02/2026 22:00:00
End Time: 04/02/2026 22:05:00
Status Code: 2
Status Message: the requested operation was unsuccessful

3.2 作业进度监控

# 查看作业进度
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpjobinfo -jobid 12345 -progress

Job ID: 12345
Progress: 50%
Bytes Transferred: 512000000
Rate: 5702222.22 bytes/sec

# 查看作业详细进度
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpjobinfo -jobid 12345 -detail

Job ID: 12345
Job Type: Backup
State: Active
Status: In Progress
Client: client1
Policy: FULL_BACKUP
Schedule: Full
Start Time: 04/02/2026 20:00:00
Current File: /data/file100.txt
Files Processed: 100 of 200
Bytes Processed: 512000000 of 1024000000

4. 服务器监控

服务器监控包括主服务器、媒体服务器和客户端的状态监控。

4.1 主服务器监控

# 检查主服务器状态
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpps

# 检查数据库状态
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/nbdb_ping

Database [NBDB] is alive and well on server master_server.
Database [BMRDB] is alive and well on server master_server.

4.2 媒体服务器监控

# 检查媒体服务器状态
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbemmcmd -gethost -machinename media1

Host Name: media1
Host Type: MEDIA_SERVER
State: UP

# 检查媒体服务器进程
# ssh media1 /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpps

NB Processes
———–
root 12345 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpcd
root 12346 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/vnetd
root 12347 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/nbrmms

4.3 客户端监控

# 检查客户端状态
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpclntcmd -pn -client client1

Expecting response from server master_server
client1.fgedu.net.cn client1 192.168.1.50:1556

# 检查客户端服务状态
# ssh client1 /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpps

NB Processes
———–
root 12345 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpcd
root 12346 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/vnetd

5. 存储监控

存储监控包括存储单元、磁盘池和存储设备的状态监控。

5.1 存储单元监控

# 检查存储单元状态
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbdevquery -liststs -U

Storage Server Name: storage1
Storage Type: PureDisk
Media Server Name: media1
State: UP

Storage Server Name: cloud_storage
Storage Type: Cloud
Media Server Name: media1
State: UP

# 检查存储单元详细信息
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbdevconfig -getconfig -storage_server storage1 -stype PureDisk

Storage Server: storage1
Storage Type: PureDisk
Media Server: media1
Connection String: storage1:9090
User Name: admin
Password: ******
Disk Pool: DP1

5.2 磁盘池监控

# 检查磁盘池状态
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbdevquery -listdp -U

Disk Pool Name: DP1
Storage Server: storage1
Storage Type: PureDisk
State: UP
Capacity: 10000 GB
Free Space: 8000 GB
Used Space: 2000 GB

Disk Pool Name: DP_CLOUD
Storage Server: cloud_storage
Storage Type: Cloud
State: UP
Capacity: 50000 GB
Free Space: 45000 GB
Used Space: 5000 GB

5.3 存储设备监控

# 检查存储设备状态
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbdevquery -listdv -U

Disk Volume Name: DV1
Disk Pool Name: DP1
Status: UP
Capacity: 10000 GB
Free Space: 8000 GB
Used Space: 2000 GB

# 检查存储设备详细信息
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbdevconfig -getconfig -diskvolume DV1 -diskpool DP1

Disk Volume: DV1
Disk Pool: DP1
Status: UP
Path: /storage/disk1
Capacity: 10000 GB
Free Space: 8000 GB

6. 告警配置

告警配置可以及时通知管理员备份系统的异常情况，确保问题得到及时处理。

6.1 邮件告警配置

# 配置邮件告警
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbmailcmd -add -recipient admin@fgedu.net.cn -subject “NBU Backup Alert”

# 验证邮件告警配置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbmailcmd -list

Recipient: admin@fgedu.net.cn
Subject: NBU Backup Alert

# 测试邮件告警
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbmailcmd -send -recipient admin@fgedu.net.cn -subject “Test Alert” -message “This is a test alert”

6.2 SNMP告警配置

# 配置SNMP告警
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbemmcmd -setsnmp -snmp enabled -trapdest 192.168.1.100 -community public

# 验证SNMP告警配置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbemmcmd -getsnmp

SNMP: enabled
Trap Destination: 192.168.1.100
Community: public

6.3 告警阈值配置

# 配置存储告警阈值
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbdevconfig -setconfig -diskpool DP1 -property “alert_threshold=80”

# 验证告警阈值配置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbdevconfig -getconfig -diskpool DP1 -property “alert_threshold”
alert_threshold=80

# 配置作业失败告警
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpsetconfig “ALERT_ON_JOB_FAILURE = YES”

# 验证作业失败告警配置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpgetconfig | grep -i alert
ALERT_ON_JOB_FAILURE = YES

7. 报表生成

报表生成可以提供备份系统的运行状态和趋势分析，帮助管理员了解系统的整体情况。

7.1 作业报表

# 生成作业报表
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpreport -summary -hours 168

Summary of backup jobs for the last 168 hours:
Total jobs: 100
Successful: 95
Failed: 5
Partially successful: 0
In progress: 0

Average throughput: 12.5 MB/sec
Average backup time: 25 minutes

# 生成详细作业报表
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpreport -detail -hours 24

Job ID Type Client Policy Schedule Start Time End Time MB KB/sec Status
——- ———- ————– ————— ————— —————– —————– ——- ——– ——
12345 Backup client1 FULL_BACKUP Full 04/02/2026 20:00:00 04/02/2026 20:30:00 2500 14000 Successful
12346 Backup client2 INCR_BACKUP Differential 04/02/2026 21:00:00 04/02/2026 21:15:00 800 8900 Successful
12347 Backup client3 FULL_BACKUP Full 04/02/2026 22:00:00 04/02/2026 22:05:00 0 0 Failed

7.2 存储报表

# 生成存储报表
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbdevquery -listdp -U

Disk Pool Name: DP1
Storage Server: storage1
Storage Type: PureDisk
State: UP
Capacity: 10000 GB
Free Space: 8000 GB
Used Space: 2000 GB
Deduplication Ratio: 3.5:1
Compression Ratio: 1.2:1

Disk Pool Name: DP_CLOUD
Storage Server: cloud_storage
Storage Type: Cloud
State: UP
Capacity: 50000 GB
Free Space: 45000 GB
Used Space: 5000 GB

7.3 自定义报表

# 使用OpsCenter生成自定义报表
# 登录OpsCenter Web界面
# 导航到Reports > Create Report
# 选择报表类型：Backup Job Summary
# 配置报表参数：时间范围、客户端、策略等
# 生成报表并导出为PDF或CSV格式

8. 监控与告警最佳实践

遵循以下最佳实践，可以确保NBU备份系统的监控效果和告警的及时性。更多学习教程公众号风哥教程itpux_com

8.1 监控最佳实践

建立全面的监控体系，覆盖作业、服务器和存储等各个方面
设置合理的监控频率，确保及时发现问题
使用多种监控工具，互为补充
建立监控基线，了解系统的正常状态
定期分析监控数据，识别潜在问题

8.2 告警最佳实践

设置合理的告警阈值，避免过多的误告警
配置多种告警方式，确保告警能够及时送达
建立告警分级机制，区分严重程度
制定告警响应流程，确保问题得到及时处理
定期测试告警系统，确保其正常工作

8.3 报表最佳实践

定期生成报表，了解系统的运行状态
分析报表数据，识别趋势和问题
使用图表和图形化展示，提高报表的可读性
将报表与业务需求相结合，评估备份系统的有效性
建立报表归档机制，保留历史数据

# 监控与告警配置示例

# 1. 配置邮件告警
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbmailcmd -add -recipient admin@fgedu.net.cn -subject “NBU Backup Alert”

# 2. 配置SNMP告警
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbemmcmd -setsnmp -snmp enabled -trapdest 192.168.1.100 -community public

# 3. 配置存储告警阈值
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbdevconfig -setconfig -diskpool DP1 -property “alert_threshold=80”

# 4. 配置作业失败告警
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpsetconfig “ALERT_ON_JOB_FAILURE = YES”

# 5. 生成每日作业报表
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpreport -summary -hours 24 > /var/log/nbu_daily_report.txt

# 6. 生成每周存储报表
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbdevquery -listdp -U > /var/log/nbu_weekly_storage_report.txt

生产环境风哥建议：建立完善的监控与告警体系，确保备份系统的正常运行。定期检查监控配置，确保其有效性。同时，建立监控数据的分析机制，识别系统的潜在问题，提前采取措施避免故障的发生。

风哥风哥提示：监控与告警是NBU备份系统管理的重要组成部分，通过有效的监控可以及时发现和解决问题，确保备份系统的正常运行。建议建立标准化的监控流程，定期检查监控配置，确保监控系统的有效性和可靠性。

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