# 运行安全初始化脚本
[root@fgedu.net.cn ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we’ll need the current
password for the root user. If you’ve just installed MariaDB, and
you haven’t set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on…
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] Y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
… Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
… Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from ‘fgedu.localhost’. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
… Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named ‘test’ that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
– Dropping test database…
… Success!
– Removing privileges on test database…
… Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
… Success!
Cleaning up…
All done! If you’ve completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB!

# 创建用户并分配最小权限
[root@fgedu.net.cn ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
# 创建只读用户
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER ‘fgedu_read’@’fgedu.localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘ReadPassword!123’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SELECT ON fgedudb.* TO ‘fgedu_read’@’fgedu.localhost’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 创建读写用户
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER ‘fgedu_write’@’fgedu.localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘WritePassword!123’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON fgedudb.* TO ‘fgedu_write’@’fgedu.localhost’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 创建管理员用户
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER ‘fgedu_admin’@’fgedu.localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘AdminPassword!123’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON fgedudb.* TO ‘fgedu_admin’@’fgedu.localhost’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 刷新权限
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 查看用户权限
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR ‘fgedu_read’@’fgedu.localhost’;
+————————————————————————————————————-+
| Grants for fgedu_read@fgedu.localhost |
+————————————————————————————————————-+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `fgedu_read`@`fgedu.localhost` IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29’ |
| GRANT SELECT ON `fgedudb`.* TO `fgedu_read`@`fgedu.localhost` |
+————————————————————————————————————-+
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR ‘fgedu_write’@’fgedu.localhost’;
+——————————————————————————————————————-+
| Grants for fgedu_write@fgedu.localhost |
+——————————————————————————————————————-+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `fgedu_write`@`fgedu.localhost` IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29’ |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `fgedudb`.* TO `fgedu_write`@`fgedu.localhost` |
+——————————————————————————————————————-+
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR ‘fgedu_admin’@’fgedu.localhost’;
+——————————————————————————————————————-+
| Grants for fgedu_admin@fgedu.localhost |
+——————————————————————————————————————-+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `fgedu_admin`@`fgedu.localhost` IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29’ |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `fgedudb`.* TO `fgedu_admin`@`fgedu.localhost` |
+——————————————————————————————————————-+

# 启用审计日志
[root@fgedu.net.cn ~]# cat >> /etc/my.cnf << 'EOF'
# 审计日志
general_log = 1
general_log_file = /mariadb/logs/general.log
# 慢查询日志
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /mariadb/logs/slow.log
long_query_time = 1
# 错误日志
log_error = /mariadb/logs/mariadb.err
EOF
# 重启服务
[root@fgedu.net.cn ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
# 查看连接日志
[root@fgedu.net.cn ~]# tail -f /mariadb/logs/general.log
2026-04-07 17:00:00 10 [Note] Access denied for user ‘fgedu_read’@’fgedu.localhost’ (using password: YES)
2026-04-07 17:00:10 11 [Note] Access denied for user ‘fgedu_read’@’fgedu.localhost’ (using password: NO)
2026-04-07 17:00:20 12 [Note] Access denied for user ‘root’@’192.168.1.100’ (using password: YES)
2026-04-07 17:00:30 13 [Note] Access denied for user ‘anonymous’@’fgedu.localhost’ (using password: NO)
# 查看错误日志
[root@fgedu.net.cn ~]# tail -f /mariadb/logs/mariadb.err
2026-04-07 17:00:00 10 [Warning] Access denied for user ‘fgedu_read’@’fgedu.localhost’ (using password: YES)
2026-04-07 17:00:10 11 [Warning] Access denied for user ‘fgedu_read’@’fgedu.localhost’ (using password: NO)
2026-04-07 17:00:20 12 [Warning] Access denied for user ‘root’@’192.168.1.100’ (using password: YES)
2026-04-07 17:00:30 13 [Warning] Access denied for user ‘anonymous’@’fgedu.localhost’ (using password: NO)