## 环境信息
– 操作系统：Oracle Linux 9.3
– 服务器：192.168.1.101
– MongoDB版本：5.0.13
– 内存：16GB
– 存储：SSD 500GB

## 部署步骤

### 1. 系统环境准备
$ cat /etc/redhat-release
Oracle Linux Server release 9.3

$ uname -m
x86_64

$ free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 16G 2.5G 12G 128M 1.5G 13G

$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 100G 10G 90G 10% /
/dev/sdb1 500G 50G 450G 10% /mongodb

### 2. 安装MongoDB
$ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-5.0.repo << EOF [mongodb-org-5.0] name=MongoDB Repository baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/9/mongodb-org/5.0/x86_64/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-5.0.asc EOF $ sudo yum install -y mongodb-org ### 3. 配置MongoDB $ sudo mkdir -p /mongodb/fgdata /mongodb/log /mongodb/conf $ sudo groupadd mongodb $ sudo useradd -g mongodb -s /bin/bash -m mongodb $ sudo chown -R mongodb:mongodb /mongodb $ cat > /mongodb/conf/mongod.conf << EOF # mongod.conf storage: dbPath: /mongodb/fgdata journal: enabled: true engine: wiredTiger wiredTiger: engineConfig: cacheSizeGB: 8 directoryForIndexes: true collectionConfig: blockCompressor: snappy indexConfig: prefixCompression: true systemLog: destination: file logAppend: true path: /mongodb/log/mongod.log logRotate: reopen verbosity: 0 net: port: 27017 bindIp: 0.0.0.0 maxIncomingConnections: 65536 processManagement: fork: true pidFilePath: /mongodb/app/mongod.pid security: authorization: enabled EOF ### 4. 启动MongoDB服务 $ sudo -u mongodb /mongodb/app/bin/mongod --config /mongodb/conf/mongod.conf ### 5. 创建管理员用户 $ /mongodb/app/bin/mongosh fgedu.net.cn> use admin
fgedu.net.cn> db.createUser({
… user: “fgedu”,
… pwd: “fgedu123”,
… roles: [ { role: “userAdminAnyDatabase”, db: “admin” }, “readWriteAnyDatabase” ]
… })

### 6. 验证部署
$ /mongodb/app/bin/mongosh -u fgedu -p fgedu123 –authenticationDatabase admin
fgedu.net.cn> use fgedudb
fgedu.net.cn> db.createCollection(“fgedu_collection”)
fgedu.net.cn> db.fgedu_collection.insertOne({name: “fgedu”, age: 30, email: “fgedu@fgedu.net.cn”})
fgedu.net.cn> db.fgedu_collection.find()
[ { _id: ObjectId(“60a7b3c8d9e0f1a2b3c4d5e7”), name: ‘fgedu’, age: 30, email: ‘fgedu@fgedu.net.cn’ } ]

## 1. 系统优化

### 关闭透明大页
$ echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
$ echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

### 调整文件描述符限制
$ cat > /etc/security/limits.d/mongodb.conf << EOF mongodb soft nofile 65536 mongodb hard nofile 65536 EOF ### 调整内核参数 $ cat > /etc/sysctl.d/mongodb.conf << EOF fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.shmall = 1073741824 kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 net.core.somaxconn = 4096 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 4096 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30 EOF $ sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/mongodb.conf ## 2. MongoDB配置优化 ### 调整配置文件 $ cat > /mongodb/conf/mongod.conf << EOF # mongod.conf storage: dbPath: /mongodb/fgdata journal: enabled: true engine: wiredTiger wiredTiger: engineConfig: cacheSizeGB: 8 directoryForIndexes: true collectionConfig: blockCompressor: snappy indexConfig: prefixCompression: true systemLog: destination: file logAppend: true path: /mongodb/log/mongod.log logRotate: reopen verbosity: 0 net: port: 27017 bindIp: 0.0.0.0 maxIncomingConnections: 65536 processManagement: fork: true pidFilePath: /mongodb/app/mongod.pid security: authorization: enabled operationProfiling: slowOpThresholdMs: 100 mode: slowOp EOF ### 重启MongoDB服务 $ sudo -u mongodb /mongodb/app/bin/mongod --config /mongodb/conf/mongod.conf --shutdown $ sudo -u mongodb /mongodb/app/bin/mongod --config /mongodb/conf/mongod.conf ## 3. 性能测试 ### 插入测试 $ /mongodb/app/bin/mongosh -u fgedu -p fgedu123 --authenticationDatabase admin fgedu.net.cn> use fgedudb
fgedu.net.cn> var start = new Date()
fgedu.net.cn> for (let i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { ... db.test_collection.insertOne({id: i, name: "test" + i, value: Math.random() * 1000}) ... } fgedu.net.cn> var end = new Date()
fgedu.net.cn> print(“插入时间: ” + (end – start) + “毫秒”)
插入时间: 5000毫秒

### 查询测试
fgedu.net.cn> var start = new Date()
fgedu.net.cn> db.test_collection.find({id: {$gt: 50000}}).limit(1000)
fgedu.net.cn> var end = new Date()
fgedu.net.cn> print(“查询时间: ” + (end – start) + “毫秒”)
查询时间: 20毫秒

### 索引优化
fgedu.net.cn> db.test_collection.createIndex({id: 1})
fgedu.net.cn> var start = new Date()
fgedu.net.cn> db.test_collection.find({id: {$gt: 50000}}).limit(1000)
fgedu.net.cn> var end = new Date()
fgedu.net.cn> print(“索引后查询时间: ” + (end – start) + “毫秒”)
索引后查询时间: 5毫秒

## 1. 备份与恢复

### 逻辑备份
$ /mongodb/app/bin/mongodump -u fgedu -p fgedu123 –authenticationDatabase admin –db fgedudb –out /backup/mongodb

### 逻辑恢复
$ /mongodb/app/bin/mongorestore -u fgedu -p fgedu123 –authenticationDatabase admin –db fgedudb /backup/mongodb/fgedudb

### 物理备份
$ sudo cp -r /mongodb/fgdata /backup/mongodb/fgdata

## 2. 日志管理

### 查看日志
$ tail -n 100 /mongodb/log/mongod.log

### 日志轮转
$ sudo -u mongodb /mongodb/app/bin/mongod –config /mongodb/conf/mongod.conf –logRotate reopen

## 3. 性能监控

### 查看服务器状态
$ /mongodb/app/bin/mongosh -u fgedu -p fgedu123 –authenticationDatabase admin
fgedu.net.cn> db.serverStatus()

### 查看慢查询
fgedu.net.cn> db.system.profile.find({millis: {$gt: 100}}).sort({ts: -1})

### 查看连接数
fgedu.net.cn> db.serverStatus().connections

## 4. 日常维护

### 整理碎片
fgedu.net.cn> db.runCommand({ compact: “fgedu_collection” })

### 重建索引
fgedu.net.cn> db.fgedu_collection.reIndex()

### 检查数据库
fgedu.net.cn> db.runCommand({ dbStats: 1 })

### 检查集合
fgedu.net.cn> db.fgedu_collection.stats()