# 登录Azure
az login
GO

[
{
“cloudName”: “AzureCloud”,
“homeTenantId”: “xxx-xxx-xxx”,
“id”: “xxx-xxx-xxx”,
“isDefault”: true,
“name”: “fgedu-subscription”,
“state”: “Enabled”,
“tenantId”: “xxx-xxx-xxx”
}
]

# 创建资源组
az group create –name fgedu-rg –location eastasia
GO

{
“id”: “/subscriptions/xxx/resourceGroups/fgedu-rg”,
“location”: “eastasia”,
“name”: “fgedu-rg”,
“properties”: {
“provisioningState”: “Succeeded”
},
“type”: “Microsoft.Resources/resourceGroups”
}

# 创建Azure SQL服务器
az sql server create \
–name fgedu-sqlserver \
–resource-group fgedu-rg \
–location eastasia \
–admin-user fgeduadmin \
–admin-password Fgedu@2026#Admin
GO

{
“administratorLogin”: “fgeduadmin”,
“fullyQualifiedDomainName”: “fgedu-sqlserver.database.windows.net”,
“id”: “/subscriptions/xxx/servers/fgedu-sqlserver”,
“location”: “eastasia”,
“name”: “fgedu-sqlserver”,
“state”: “Ready”,
“type”: “Microsoft.Sql/servers”
}

# 创建Azure SQL数据库
az sql db create \
–resource-group fgedu-rg \
–server fgedu-sqlserver \
–name fgedudb \
–service-objective S3 \
–max-size 100GB
GO

{
“collation”: “SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS”,
“databaseId”: “xxx-xxx-xxx”,
“defaultSecondaryLocation”: “southeastasia”,
“edition”: “Standard”,
“id”: “/subscriptions/xxx/databases/fgedudb”,
“location”: “eastasia”,
“maxSizeBytes”: 107374182400,
“name”: “fgedudb”,
“requestedServiceObjectiveName”: “S3”,
“status”: “Online”,
“type”: “Microsoft.Sql/servers/databases”
}

# 配置防火墙规则
az sql server firewall-rule create \
–resource-group fgedu-rg \
–server fgedu-sqlserver \
–name AllowAll \
–start-ip-address 0.0.0.0 \
–end-ip-address 255.255.255.255
GO

{
“endIpAddress”: “255.255.255.255”,
“id”: “/subscriptions/xxx/firewallRules/AllowAll”,
“name”: “AllowAll”,
“startIpAddress”: “0.0.0.0”,
“type”: “Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules”
}

# 使用sqlcmd连接Azure SQL
sqlcmd -S fgedu-sqlserver.database.windows.net \
-U fgeduadmin \
-P ‘Fgedu@2026#Admin’ \
-d fgedudb
GO

1> SELECT @@VERSION;
2> GO

————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————–
Microsoft SQL Azure (RTM) – 12.0.2000.8
Apr 8 2026 10:00:00
Copyright (C) 2026 Microsoft Corporation

(1 rows affected)

# 创建测试表
1> CREATE TABLE dbo.fgedu_test (
2> id INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY,
3> name NVARCHAR(100),
4> create_time DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE()
5> );
6> GO

1> INSERT INTO dbo.fgedu_test (name) VALUES (‘测试数据1’), (‘测试数据2’);
2> GO

(2 rows affected)

1> SELECT * FROM dbo.fgedu_test;
2> GO

id name create_time
———– ———- ———————–
1 测试数据1 2026-04-08 10:30:00.000
2 测试数据2 2026-04-08 10:30:00.000

(2 rows affected)

# 查看Azure SQL服务层级
1> SELECT DATABASEPROPERTYEX(‘fgedudb’, ‘Edition’) AS Edition,
2> DATABASEPROPERTYEX(‘fgedudb’, ‘ServiceObjective’) AS ServiceObjective;
3> GO

Edition ServiceObjective
———- ——————–
Standard S3

# 创建SQL Server VM
az vm create \
–resource-group fgedu-rg \
–name fgedu-sqlvm \
–image MicrosoftSQLServer:SQL2019-WS2019:Enterprise:latest \
–size Standard_DS4_v2 \
–admin-username azureuser \
–admin-password Fgedu@2026#VM \
–data-disk-sizes-gb 128 256 512
GO

{
“fqdns”: “”,
“id”: “/subscriptions/xxx/virtualMachines/fgedu-sqlvm”,
“location”: “eastasia”,
“macAddress”: “00-0D-3A-XX-XX-XX”,
“powerState”: “VM running”,
“privateIpAddress”: “10.0.0.4”,
“publicIpAddress”: “52.xxx.xxx.xxx”,
“resourceGroup”: “fgedu-rg”,
“zones”: “”
}

# 开放SQL Server端口
az vm open-port \
–resource-group fgedu-rg \
–name fgedu-sqlvm \
–port 1433 \
–priority 100
GO

{
“access”: “Allow”,
“destinationAddressPrefix”: “*”,
“destinationPortRange”: “1433”,
“direction”: “Inbound”,
“name”: “port_1433”,
“priority”: 100,
“sourceAddressPrefix”: “*”,
“sourcePortRange”: “*”
}

# 获取VM公共IP
az vm show \
–resource-group fgedu-rg \
–name fgedu-sqlvm \
–show-details \
–query publicIps \
–output tsv
GO

52.xxx.xxx.xxx

# 连接到Azure VM
ssh azureuser@52.xxx.xxx.xxx
GO

azureuser@fgedu-sqlvm:~$ sudo systemctl status mssql-server
● mssql-server.service – Microsoft SQL Server Database Engine
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2026-04-08 10:00:00 UTC; 5min ago

# 配置SQL Server
azureuser@fgedu-sqlvm:~$ sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup
Choose an edition of SQL Server:
1) Evaluation (free, no production use, 180-day limit)
2) Developer (free, no production use)
3) Express (free)
4) Web (PAID)
5) Standard (PAID)
6) Enterprise (PAID) – CPU Core utilization restricted to 20 physical/40 hyperthreaded
7) Enterprise Core (PAID) – CPU Core utilization up to Operating System Limit
8) I bought a license through a retail sales channel and have a product key to enter.

Enter your edition(1-8): 6
Enter the SQL Server system administrator password:
Confirm the SQL Server system administrator password:
Configuring SQL Server…

This is an evaluation version. There are [180] days left in the evaluation period.
Setup has completed successfully. SQL Server is now starting.

# 验证SQL Server配置
azureuser@fgedu-sqlvm:~$ sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P ‘Fgedu@2026#SQL’
1> SELECT @@VERSION;
2> GO

————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————–
Microsoft SQL Server 2019 (RTM-CU15) (KB5008996) – 15.0.4198.2 (X64)
Jan 12 2026 16:18:10
Copyright (C) 2019 Microsoft Corporation
Enterprise Edition: Core-based Licensing (64-bit) on Linux (Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS)

(1 rows affected)

# 配置数据文件存储
azureuser@fgedu-sqlvm:~$ sudo mkdir -p /sqlserver/data /sqlserver/log /sqlserver/backup
azureuser@fgedu-sqlvm:~$ sudo chown mssql:mssql /sqlserver/data /sqlserver/log /sqlserver/backup

# 修改默认数据文件位置
1> USE master;
2> GO
1> ALTER DATABASE fgedudb
2> MODIFY FILE (NAME = fgedudb_data, FILENAME = ‘/sqlserver/data/fgedudb.mdf’);
3> GO
The file “fgedudb_data” has been modified in the system catalog. The new path will be used the next time the database is started.

# 查看数据库性能建议
SELECT * FROM sys.dm_db_tuning_recommendations;
GO

name type reason state
——————- ——— ——————- ———
create_index_123 CREATE 缺少索引影响性能 PENDING
drop_index_456 DROP 未使用的索引 PENDING

# 查看查询性能统计
SELECT TOP 10
qs.query_hash,
qs.execution_count,
qs.total_logical_reads,
qs.total_elapsed_time / 1000000.0 AS total_elapsed_time_sec,
SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2)+1,
((CASE qs.statement_end_offset
WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text)
ELSE qs.statement_end_offset
END – qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) AS query_text
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st
ORDER BY qs.total_elapsed_time DESC;
GO

query_hash execution_count total_logical_reads total_elapsed_time_sec query_text
———————————— ————— ——————- ———————- ——————–
0xABC123DEF456 125 45678 12.345 SELECT * FROM…
0x789GHI012JKL345 89 23456 8.765 UPDATE dbo…

# 查看数据库资源使用
SELECT
end_time,
avg_cpu_percent,
avg_data_io_percent,
avg_log_write_percent,
avg_memory_usage_percent
FROM sys.dm_db_resource_stats
ORDER BY end_time DESC;
GO

end_time avg_cpu_percent avg_data_io_percent avg_log_write_percent avg_memory_usage_percent
———————– ————— ——————- ——————— ————————
2026-04-08 10:30:00.000 45.23 23.45 12.34 67.89
2026-04-08 10:25:00.000 52.34 34.56 15.67 72.34

# 配置自动调优
ALTER DATABASE fgedudb SET AUTOMATIC_TUNING (FORCE_LAST_GOOD_PLAN = ON);
GO

Command(s) completed successfully.

# 查看自动调优配置
SELECT name, desired_state_desc, actual_state_desc
FROM sys.database_automatic_tuning_options;
GO

name desired_state_desc actual_state_desc
———————– —————— —————–
force_last_good_plan ON ON
create_index ON ON
drop_index ON ON

# Azure SQL自动备份配置(默认已启用)
# 查看备份配置
SELECT
database_name,
backup_type,
backup_start_date,
backup_finish_date,
backup_size_mb
FROM sys.dm_database_backups
ORDER BY backup_start_date DESC;
GO

database_name backup_type backup_start_date backup_finish_date backup_size_mb
————- ———– ——————— ——————— ————–
fgedudb FULL 2026-04-08 02:00:00 2026-04-08 02:15:00 1024.5
fgedudb LOG 2026-04-08 01:00:00 2026-04-08 01:00:05 15.3
fgedudb LOG 2026-04-08 00:00:00 2026-04-08 00:00:05 12.8

# 配置长期备份保留
az sql db ltr-policy set \
–resource-group fgedu-rg \
–server fgedu-sqlserver \
–name fgedudb \
–weekly-retention P4W \
–monthly-retention P12M \
–yearly-retention P7Y \
–week-of-year 1
GO

{
“databaseName”: “fgedudb”,
“monthlyRetention”: “P12M”,
“weeklyRetention”: “P4W”,
“yearlyRetention”: “P7Y”
}

# 手动创建备份
az sql db export \
–resource-group fgedu-rg \
–server fgedu-sqlserver \
–name fgedudb \
–storage-uri “https://fgedustorage.blob.core.windows.net/backup/fgedudb.bacpac” \
–storage-key-type StorageAccessKey \
–storage-key “your-storage-key”
GO

{
“blobUri”: “https://fgedustorage.blob.core.windows.net/backup/fgedudb.bacpac”,
“databaseName”: “fgedudb”,
“operationId”: “xxx-xxx-xxx”,
“status”: “Succeeded”
}