SQLServer教程FG099-SQLServer监控平台实战
目录大纲
内容简介
本教程详细介绍SQLServer监控平台的设计与实现，包括监控平台概念、核心功能、环境规划、工具选择、部署实施等内容。风哥教程参考SQLServer官方文档Monitoring and Performance Tuning、Dynamic Management Views等相关内容，学习交流加群风哥微信: itpux-com。
通过本教程的学习，您将掌握SQLServer监控平台的设计原则、部署实施方法以及自动化监控技巧，为企业级数据库系统的稳定运行提供保障。更多视频教程www.fgedu.net.cn。
Part01-基础概念与理论知识
1.1 SQLServer监控平台概念与重要性
SQLServer监控平台是指用于监控SQLServer数据库运行状态、性能指标、异常情况的系统，通过实时监控和分析，及时发现并解决数据库问题。SQLServer监控平台对于企业级数据库系统的稳定运行和性能优化具有重要意义。更多学习教程公众号风哥教程itpux_com。
1.2 SQLServer监控平台核心功能
SQLServer监控平台的核心功能包括：
1. 性能监控：监控CPU、内存、磁盘IO等系统资源使用情况
2. 数据库监控：监控数据库连接数、锁、阻塞等情况
3. 存储监控：监控磁盘空间、文件增长等情况
4. 安全监控：监控登录尝试、权限变更等安全事件
5. 告警通知：当监控指标超过阈值时发送告警通知
风哥提示：监控平台应覆盖SQLServer数据库的各个方面，确保及时发现并解决问题。
Part02-生产环境规划与建议
2.1 SQLServer监控平台环境规划
SELECT
physical_memory_kb / 1024 AS physical_memory_mb,
cpu_count,
hyperthread_ratio,
socket_count
FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info;
GO
physical_memory_kb cpu_count hyperthread_ratio socket_count
—————— ——— —————– ————
65536 16 2 2
对于监控平台服务器，建议配置至少64GB内存，16核CPU，以满足多个数据库实例的监控需求。from SQLServer视频:www.itpux.com。
2.2 SQLServer监控平台工具选择
常用的SQLServer监控平台工具包括：
1. SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)：内置的监控功能
2. SQL Server Profiler：用于跟踪SQL语句执行
3. Dynamic Management Views (DMVs)：用于查询系统状态
4. 第三方监控工具：如SolarWinds Database Performance Monitor、PRTG Network Monitor等
5. 自定义监控脚本：根据企业需求编写的监控脚本
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Part03-生产环境项目实施方案
3.1 SQLServer监控平台部署实施
EXEC sp_configure ‘show advanced options’, 1;
RECONFIGURE;
GO
EXEC sp_configure ‘Agent XPs’, 1;
RECONFIGURE;
GO
# 创建监控数据库
CREATE DATABASE fgedu_monitoring
ON PRIMARY (
NAME = ‘fgedu_monitoring_data’,
FILENAME = ‘/sqlserver/fgdata/fgedu_monitoring_data.mdf’,
SIZE = 20GB,
MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED,
FILEGROWTH = 2GB
)
LOG ON (
NAME = ‘fgedu_monitoring_log’,
FILENAME = ‘/sqlserver/fgdata/fgedu_monitoring_log.ldf’,
SIZE = 5GB,
MAXSIZE = 50GB,
FILEGROWTH = 1GB
);
GO
# 创建监控表
USE fgedu_monitoring;
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.fgedu_performance_metrics (
metric_id INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY,
server_name NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
metric_name NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
metric_value FLOAT NOT NULL,
collection_time DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT GETDATE()
);
GO
CREATE INDEX IX_fgedu_performance_metrics_collection_time ON dbo.fgedu_performance_metrics(collection_time);
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.fgedu_alert_log (
alert_id INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY,
server_name NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
alert_type NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
alert_message NVARCHAR(1000) NOT NULL,
alert_time DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT GETDATE(),
alert_status NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘New’
);
GO
CREATE INDEX IX_fgedu_alert_log_alert_time ON dbo.fgedu_alert_log(alert_time);
GO
3.2 SQLServer监控平台配置优化
USE msdb;
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_job
@job_name = N’Collect Performance Metrics’,
@enabled = 1,
@description = N’Collect SQLServer performance metrics’;
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_jobstep
@job_name = N’Collect Performance Metrics’,
@step_name = N’Collect metrics’,
@subsystem = N’TSQL’,
@command = N’USE fgedu_monitoring;
— 收集CPU使用率
INSERT INTO dbo.fgedu_performance_metrics (server_name, metric_name, metric_value)
SELECT
@@SERVERNAME AS server_name,
”CPU Usage” AS metric_name,
100.0 – (SELECT CONVERT(float, cntr_value) / 100.0 FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters WHERE object_name LIKE ”%Processor%” AND counter_name = ”%Idle Time%” AND instance_name = ”_Total”) AS cpu_usage;
— 收集内存使用率
INSERT INTO dbo.fgedu_performance_metrics (server_name, metric_name, metric_value)
SELECT
@@SERVERNAME AS server_name,
”Memory Usage” AS metric_name,
(SELECT CONVERT(float, cntr_value) FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters WHERE object_name LIKE ”%Memory Manager%” AND counter_name = ”Total Server Memory (KB)”) / (SELECT physical_memory_kb FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info) * 100.0 AS memory_usage;
— 收集磁盘IO等待时间
INSERT INTO dbo.fgedu_performance_metrics (server_name, metric_name, metric_value)
SELECT
@@SERVERNAME AS server_name,
”Disk IO Wait Time” AS metric_name,
(SELECT CONVERT(float, cntr_value) FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters WHERE object_name LIKE ”%Database Engine Tuning Advisor%” AND counter_name = ”Disk Read IO Wait Time”) AS disk_io_wait_time;
— 收集活动连接数
INSERT INTO dbo.fgedu_performance_metrics (server_name, metric_name, metric_value)
SELECT
@@SERVERNAME AS server_name,
”Active Connections” AS metric_name,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions WHERE status = ”running”) AS active_connections;
‘,
@retry_attempts = 3,
@retry_interval = 5;
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_schedule
@schedule_name = N’Performance Metrics Collection Schedule’,
@freq_type = 4,
@freq_interval = 1,
@freq_subday_type = 4,
@freq_subday_interval = 5;
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_attach_schedule
@job_name = N’Collect Performance Metrics’,
@schedule_name = N’Performance Metrics Collection Schedule’;
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_jobserver
@job_name = N’Collect Performance Metrics’,
@server_name = N'(local)’;
GO
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Part04-生产案例与实战讲解
4.1 SQLServer监控平台实战案例
# 查看CPU使用率
SELECT
100.0 – (SELECT CONVERT(float, cntr_value) / 100.0
FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters
WHERE object_name LIKE ‘%Processor%’
AND counter_name = ‘%Idle Time%’
AND instance_name = ‘_Total’) AS cpu_usage_percent;
GO
cpu_usage_percent
—————–
45.3
# 查看内存使用率
SELECT
(SELECT CONVERT(float, cntr_value)
FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters
WHERE object_name LIKE ‘%Memory Manager%’
AND counter_name = ‘Total Server Memory (KB)’) /
(SELECT physical_memory_kb
FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info) * 100.0 AS memory_usage_percent;
GO
memory_usage_percent
——————–
67.8
# 查看磁盘空间使用情况
EXEC xp_fixeddrives;
GO
Drive MB free
—– ——–
C 10240
D 102400
E 204800
# 查看活动连接数
SELECT
COUNT(*) AS active_connections
FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions
WHERE status = ‘running’;
GO
active_connections
——————
23
# 查看阻塞情况
SELECT
session_id,
blocking_session_id,
wait_type,
wait_time,
last_wait_type
FROM sys.dm_exec_requests
WHERE blocking_session_id > 0;
GO
session_id blocking_session_id wait_type wait_time last_wait_type
———– ——————- ————- ——— —————
56 54 LCK_M_X 12345 LCK_M_X
# 案例2：告警配置
# 创建告警作业
USE msdb;
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_job
@job_name = N’Check Performance Alerts’,
@enabled = 1,
@description = N’Check performance metrics and raise alerts’;
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_jobstep
@job_name = N’Check Performance Alerts’,
@step_name = N’Check metrics’,
@subsystem = N’TSQL’,
@command = N’USE fgedu_monitoring;
— 检查CPU使用率
DECLARE @cpu_usage FLOAT;
SELECT @cpu_usage = 100.0 – (SELECT CONVERT(float, cntr_value) / 100.0
FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters
WHERE object_name LIKE ”%Processor%”
AND counter_name = ”%Idle Time%”
AND instance_name = ”_Total”);
IF @cpu_usage > 80.0
BEGIN
INSERT INTO dbo.fgedu_alert_log (server_name, alert_type, alert_message)
VALUES (@@SERVERNAME, ”CPU Usage Alert”, ”CPU usage is high: ” + CAST(@cpu_usage AS VARCHAR(10)) + ”%”);
END;
— 检查内存使用率
DECLARE @memory_usage FLOAT;
SELECT @memory_usage = (SELECT CONVERT(float, cntr_value)
FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters
WHERE object_name LIKE ”%Memory Manager%”
AND counter_name = ”Total Server Memory (KB)”) /
(SELECT physical_memory_kb
FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info) * 100.0;
IF @memory_usage > 90.0
BEGIN
INSERT INTO dbo.fgedu_alert_log (server_name, alert_type, alert_message)
VALUES (@@SERVERNAME, ”Memory Usage Alert”, ”Memory usage is high: ” + CAST(@memory_usage AS VARCHAR(10)) + ”%”);
END;
— 检查活动连接数
DECLARE @active_connections INT;
SELECT @active_connections = COUNT(*)
FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions
WHERE status = ”running”;
IF @active_connections > 100
BEGIN
INSERT INTO dbo.fgedu_alert_log (server_name, alert_type, alert_message)
VALUES (@@SERVERNAME, ”Connection Alert”, ”Active connections are high: ” + CAST(@active_connections AS VARCHAR(10)));
END;
‘,
@retry_attempts = 3,
@retry_interval = 5;
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_schedule
@schedule_name = N’Alert Check Schedule’,
@freq_type = 4,
@freq_interval = 1,
@freq_subday_type = 4,
@freq_subday_interval = 10;
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_attach_schedule
@job_name = N’Check Performance Alerts’,
@schedule_name = N’Alert Check Schedule’;
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_jobserver
@job_name = N’Check Performance Alerts’,
@server_name = N'(local)’;
GO
4.2 SQLServer监控平台自动化
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_monitoring_automation
AS
BEGIN
— 收集性能数据
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_start_job N’Collect Performance Metrics’;
— 检查告警
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_start_job N’Check Performance Alerts’;
— 清理历史数据
DELETE FROM dbo.fgedu_performance_metrics
WHERE collection_time < DATEADD(day, -7, GETDATE());
-- 清理已处理的告警
UPDATE dbo.fgedu_alert_log
SET alert_status = 'Archived'
WHERE alert_time < DATEADD(day, -30, GETDATE())
AND alert_status = 'Resolved';
END;
GO
# 创建自动化作业
USE msdb;
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_job
@job_name = N'Monitoring Automation',
@enabled = 1,
@description = N'Automate monitoring tasks';
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_jobstep
@job_name = N'Monitoring Automation',
@step_name = N'Run automation',
@subsystem = N'TSQL',
@command = N'USE fgedu_monitoring;
EXEC dbo.usp_monitoring_automation;',
@retry_attempts = 3,
@retry_interval = 5;
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_schedule
@schedule_name = N'Automation Schedule',
@freq_type = 4,
@freq_interval = 1,
@freq_subday_type = 4,
@freq_subday_interval = 30;
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_attach_schedule
@job_name = N'Monitoring Automation',
@schedule_name = N'Automation Schedule';
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_jobserver
@job_name = N'Monitoring Automation',
@server_name = N'(local)';
GO
# 查看监控数据
USE fgedu_monitoring;
GO
SELECT
metric_name,
AVG(metric_value) AS avg_value,
MAX(metric_value) AS max_value,
MIN(metric_value) AS min_value
FROM dbo.fgedu_performance_metrics
WHERE collection_time >= DATEADD(day, -1, GETDATE())
GROUP BY metric_name;
GO
metric_name avg_value max_value min_value
——————– ————– ————– ————–
CPU Usage 45.3 78.9 12.5
Memory Usage 67.8 85.2 52.1
Disk IO Wait Time 123.4 567.8 45.6
Active Connections 23.5 45 12
# 查看告警日志
SELECT
alert_id,
server_name,
alert_type,
alert_message,
alert_time,
alert_status
FROM dbo.fgedu_alert_log
WHERE alert_time >= DATEADD(day, -7, GETDATE())
ORDER BY alert_time DESC;
GO
alert_id server_name alert_type alert_message alert_time alert_status
——— ————— —————– ——————————— ——————– ————
1 FGEDU1 CPU Usage Alert CPU usage is high: 85.2% 2024-01-01 10:00:00 New
2 FGEDU1 Memory Usage Alert Memory usage is high: 92.5% 2024-01-01 10:15:00 New
3 FGEDU1 Connection Alert Active connections are high: 120 2024-01-01 10:30:00 New
风哥提示：定期检查监控平台的运行状态，确保监控数据的准确性和完整性。from SQLServer视频:www.itpux.com。
Part05-风哥经验总结与分享
5.1 SQLServer监控平台运维最佳实践
1. 制定监控策略，明确监控目标和范围
2. 选择合适的监控工具，根据企业需求进行配置
3. 建立监控指标体系，确保监控覆盖全面
4. 配置合理的告警阈值，避免误报和漏报
5. 定期分析监控数据，优化数据库性能
6. 建立监控文档，记录监控配置和操作流程
7. 对运维人员进行培训，提高监控技能
5.2 SQLServer监控平台常见问题与解决方案
# 解决方案：检查SQL Server Agent状态、权限配置、网络连接等
# 问题2：告警误报频繁
# 解决方案：调整告警阈值，优化监控逻辑
# 问题3：监控平台性能问题
# 解决方案：优化监控脚本，减少监控频率，增加监控服务器资源
# 问题4：监控数据存储问题
# 解决方案：制定数据清理策略，定期清理历史数据
# 问题5：监控覆盖不全
# 解决方案：完善监控指标体系，增加监控点
# 查看监控平台状态
SELECT
job.name AS job_name,
job.enabled AS job_enabled,
history.run_status AS last_run_status,
history.run_date AS last_run_date,
history.run_time AS last_run_time
FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobs job
LEFT JOIN msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory history ON job.job_id = history.job_id
WHERE job.name LIKE ‘%Monitoring%’ OR job.name LIKE ‘%Alert%’;
GO
job_name job_enabled last_run_status last_run_date last_run_time
———————– ———— —————- ————– ————–
Collect Performance Metrics 1 1 20240101 100000
Check Performance Alerts 1 1 20240101 101000
Monitoring Automation 1 1 20240101 103000
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风哥提示：监控平台应覆盖SQLServer数据库的各个方面，确保及时发现并解决问题。
更多学习教程公众号风哥教程itpux_com
from SQLServer视频:www.itpux.com
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