# 1. 需求分析
– 业务需求
– 定期备份数据库
– 快速恢复数据
– 保证数据安全
– 技术需求
– 全量备份：每周一次
– 增量备份：每天一次
– 日志备份：每小时一次
# 2. 方案设计
– 备份策略
– 全量备份：每周日凌晨2点
– 增量备份：每天凌晨2点
– 日志备份：每小时
– 备份存储
– 本地存储：/backup/local
– 异地存储：/backup/remote
– 云端存储：s3://fgedu-backup
# 3. 实施步骤
– 创建备份脚本
$ vi /dm/scripts/backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
# 备份类型
BACKUP_TYPE=$1
# 全量备份
if [ “$BACKUP_TYPE” = “full” ]; then
BACKUP_FILE=”/backup/local/full/full_$(date +%Y%m%d).bak”
/dm/bin/dmrman CTLSTMT=”BACKUP DATABASE ‘/dm/data/dm.ini’ FULL TO ‘$BACKUP_FILE'”
# 复制到异地存储
scp $BACKUP_FILE root@backup-server:/backup/remote/full/
# 上传到云端存储
aws s3 cp $BACKUP_FILE s3://fgedu-backup/full/
# 增量备份
elif [ “$BACKUP_TYPE” = “inc” ]; then
BACKUP_FILE=”/backup/local/inc/inc_$(date +%Y%m%d).bak”
/dm/bin/dmrman CTLSTMT=”BACKUP DATABASE ‘/dm/data/dm.ini’ INCREMENT TO ‘$BACKUP_FILE'”
# 复制到异地存储
scp $BACKUP_FILE root@backup-server:/backup/remote/inc/
# 上传到云端存储
aws s3 cp $BACKUP_FILE s3://fgedu-backup/inc/
# 日志备份
elif [ “$BACKUP_TYPE” = “log” ]; then
BACKUP_FILE=”/backup/local/log/log_$(date +%Y%m%d%H).bak”
/dm/bin/dmrman CTLSTMT=”BACKUP ARCHIVELOG FROM LOG ‘/dm/data/dm.ini’ TO ‘$BACKUP_FILE'”
# 复制到异地存储
scp $BACKUP_FILE root@backup-server:/backup/remote/log/
# 上传到云端存储
aws s3 cp $BACKUP_FILE s3://fgedu-backup/log/
fi
# 检查备份结果
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
echo “Backup succeeded: $BACKUP_FILE”
else
echo “Backup failed: $BACKUP_FILE”
# 发送告警
echo “Backup failed: $BACKUP_FILE” | mail -s “Backup Failed” admin@fgedu.com
fi
– 配置定时任务
$ crontab -e
# 全量备份：每周日凌晨2点
0 2 * * 0 /dm/scripts/backup.sh full
# 增量备份：每天凌晨2点
0 2 * * 1-6 /dm/scripts/backup.sh inc
# 日志备份：每小时
0 * * * * /dm/scripts/backup.sh log
# 4. 验证结果
– 查看备份文件
$ ls -lh /backup/local/full/
# 输出结果
# total 10G
# -rw-r–r– 1 dm dm 2.5G Jan 10 02:00 full_20240110.bak
– 验证备份文件
$ /dm/bin/dmrman CTLSTMT=”CHECK BACKUPSET ‘/backup/local/full/full_20240110.bak'”
# 输出结果
# check backupset ‘/backup/local/full/full_20240110.bak’ success
# 5. 实施结果
– 备份策略实施成功
– 备份存储正常
– 备份验证正常

# 1. 需求分析
– 业务需求
– 建立主备架构
– 实现故障切换
– 保证数据安全
– 技术需求
– 主库：处理读写请求
– 备库：实时同步
– 故障切换：自动切换
# 2. 方案设计
– Data Guard架构
– 主库：192.168.1.10
– 备库：192.168.1.11
– 监控：192.168.1.12
– 故障切换策略
– 主库故障：自动切换到备库
– 备库故障：告警通知
– 数据同步：实时同步
# 3. 实施步骤
– 配置主库
SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(‘ARCH_INI’, ‘ARCH_DEST’, ‘/dm/arch’)
SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(‘ARCH_INI’, ‘ARCH_FILE_SIZE’, 1024)
SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(‘ARCH_INI’, ‘ARCH_SPACE_LIMIT’, 102400)
SQL> CREATE STANDBY DATABASE ‘standby_db’ CONNECT TO ‘192.168.1.11’ PORT 5236 USER ‘SYSDBA’ PASSWORD ‘SYSDBA’;
– 配置备库
SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(‘ARCH_INI’, ‘ARCH_DEST’, ‘/dm/arch’)
SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(‘ARCH_INI’, ‘ARCH_FILE_SIZE’, 1024)
SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(‘ARCH_INI’, ‘ARCH_SPACE_LIMIT’, 102400)
– 验证Data Guard
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$STANDBY;
# 输出结果
# STANDBY_NAME STANDBY_HOST STANDBY_PORT STANDBY_STATUS
# ————- ————– ————– —————
# standby_db 192.168.1.11 5236 NORMAL
– 配置故障切换脚本
$ vi /dm/scripts/switchover.sh
#!/bin/bash
# 检查主库状态
PRIMARY_STATUS=$(/dm/bin/disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@192.168.1.10:5236 -c “SELECT STATUS FROM V\$STANDBY WHERE STANDBY_NAME = ‘primary_db'” | tail -n +2)
if [ “$PRIMARY_STATUS” != “NORMAL” ]; then
echo “Primary database is abnormal: $PRIMARY_STATUS”
# 检查备库状态
STANDBY_STATUS=$(/dm/bin/disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@192.168.1.11:5236 -c “SELECT STATUS FROM V\$STANDBY WHERE STANDBY_NAME = ‘standby_db'” | tail -n +2)
if [ “$STANDBY_STATUS” = “NORMAL” ]; then
echo “Standby database is normal: $STANDBY_STATUS”
# 切换备库为主库
/dm/bin/disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@192.168.1.11:5236 -c “ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY”
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
echo “Switchover succeeded”
# 发送成功通知
echo “Switchover succeeded” | mail -s “Switchover Succeeded” admin@fgedu.com
else
echo “Switchover failed”
# 发送失败告警
echo “Switchover failed” | mail -s “Switchover Failed” admin@fgedu.com
fi
else
echo “Standby database is abnormal: $STANDBY_STATUS”
# 发送告警
echo “Both primary and standby databases are abnormal” | mail -s “Database Failure” admin@fgedu.com
fi
else
echo “Primary database is normal: $PRIMARY_STATUS”
fi
– 配置定时任务
$ crontab -e
# 故障检测：每分钟
* * * * * /dm/scripts/switchover.sh
# 4. 验证结果
– 查看Data Guard状态
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$STANDBY;
# 输出结果
# STANDBY_NAME STANDBY_HOST STANDBY_PORT STANDBY_STATUS
# ————- ————– ————– —————
# standby_db 192.168.1.11 5236 NORMAL
# 5. 实施结果
– Data Guard配置成功
– 主备同步正常
– 故障切换正常

# 1. 需求分析
– 业务需求
– 建立跨机房架构
– 实现异地灾难恢复
– 保证业务连续性
– 技术需求
– 主机房：主库+备库
– 异地机房：备库
– 故障切换：自动切换
# 2. 方案设计
– 跨机房架构
– 主机房：192.168.1.10（主库）、192.168.1.11（备库）
– 异地机房：192.168.2.11（备库）
– 灾难恢复策略
– 主机房故障：切换到异地机房
– 本地故障：切换到本地备库
– 数据同步：实时同步
# 3. 实施步骤
– 配置主库
SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(‘ARCH_INI’, ‘ARCH_DEST’, ‘/dm/arch’)
SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(‘ARCH_INI’, ‘ARCH_FILE_SIZE’, 1024)
SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(‘ARCH_INI’, ‘ARCH_SPACE_LIMIT’, 102400)
SQL> CREATE STANDBY DATABASE ‘standby_local’ CONNECT TO ‘192.168.1.11’ PORT 5236 USER ‘SYSDBA’ PASSWORD ‘SYSDBA’;
SQL> CREATE STANDBY DATABASE ‘standby_remote’ CONNECT TO ‘192.168.2.11’ PORT 5236 USER ‘SYSDBA’ PASSWORD ‘SYSDBA’;
– 配置本地备库
SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(‘ARCH_INI’, ‘ARCH_DEST’, ‘/dm/arch’)
SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(‘ARCH_INI’, ‘ARCH_FILE_SIZE’, 1024)
SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(‘ARCH_INI’, ‘ARCH_SPACE_LIMIT’, 102400)
– 配置异地备库
SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(‘ARCH_INI’, ‘ARCH_DEST’, ‘/dm/arch’)
SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(‘ARCH_INI’, ‘ARCH_FILE_SIZE’, 1024)
SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(‘ARCH_INI’, ‘ARCH_SPACE_LIMIT’, 102400)
– 验证Data Guard
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$STANDBY;
# 输出结果
# STANDBY_NAME STANDBY_HOST STANDBY_PORT STANDBY_STATUS
# ————— ————– ————– —————
# standby_local 192.168.1.11 5236 NORMAL
# standby_remote 192.168.2.11 5236 NORMAL
– 配置灾难恢复脚本
$ vi /dm/scripts/dr_recover.sh
#!/bin/bash
# 检查主库状态
PRIMARY_STATUS=$(/dm/bin/disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@192.168.1.10:5236 -c “SELECT STATUS FROM V\$STANDBY WHERE STANDBY_NAME = ‘primary_db'” | tail -n +2)
if [ “$PRIMARY_STATUS” != “NORMAL” ]; then
echo “Primary database is abnormal: $PRIMARY_STATUS”
# 检查本地备库状态
STANDBY_LOCAL_STATUS=$(/dm/bin/disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@192.168.1.11:5236 -c “SELECT STATUS FROM V\$STANDBY WHERE STANDBY_NAME = ‘standby_local'” | tail -n +2)
if [ “$STANDBY_LOCAL_STATUS” = “NORMAL” ]; then
echo “Local standby database is normal: $STANDBY_LOCAL_STATUS”
# 切换本地备库为主库
/dm/bin/disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@192.168.1.11:5236 -c “ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY”
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
echo “Local switchover succeeded”
# 发送成功通知
echo “Local switchover succeeded” | mail -s “Local Switchover Succeeded” admin@fgedu.com
else
echo “Local switchover failed”
# 检查异地备库状态
STANDBY_REMOTE_STATUS=$(/dm/bin/disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@192.168.2.11:5236 -c “SELECT STATUS FROM V\$STANDBY WHERE STANDBY_NAME = ‘standby_remote'” | tail -n +2)
if [ “$STANDBY_REMOTE_STATUS” = “NORMAL” ]; then
echo “Remote standby database is normal: $STANDBY_REMOTE_STATUS”
# 切换异地备库为主库
/dm/bin/disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@192.168.2.11:5236 -c “ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY”
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
echo “Remote switchover succeeded”
# 发送成功通知
echo “Remote switchover succeeded” | mail -s “Remote Switchover Succeeded” admin@fgedu.com
else
echo “Remote switchover failed”
# 发送失败告警
echo “Remote switchover failed” | mail -s “Remote Switchover Failed” admin@fgedu.com
fi
else
echo “Remote standby database is abnormal: $STANDBY_REMOTE_STATUS”
# 发送告警
echo “All databases are abnormal” | mail -s “Database Disaster” admin@fgedu.com
fi
fi
else
echo “Local standby database is abnormal: $STANDBY_LOCAL_STATUS”
# 检查异地备库状态
STANDBY_REMOTE_STATUS=$(/dm/bin/disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@192.168.2.11:5236 -c “SELECT STATUS FROM V\$STANDBY WHERE STANDBY_NAME = ‘standby_remote'” | tail -n +2)
if [ “$STANDBY_REMOTE_STATUS” = “NORMAL” ]; then
echo “Remote standby database is normal: $STANDBY_REMOTE_STATUS”
# 切换异地备库为主库
/dm/bin/disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@192.168.2.11:5236 -c “ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY”
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
echo “Remote switchover succeeded”
# 发送成功通知
echo “Remote switchover succeeded” | mail -s “Remote Switchover Succeeded” admin@fgedu.com
else
echo “Remote switchover failed”
# 发送失败告警
echo “Remote switchover failed” | mail -s “Remote Switchover Failed” admin@fgedu.com
fi
else
echo “Remote standby database is abnormal: $STANDBY_REMOTE_STATUS”
# 发送告警
echo “All databases are abnormal” | mail -s “Database Disaster” admin@fgedu.com
fi
fi
else
echo “Primary database is normal: $PRIMARY_STATUS”
fi
– 配置定时任务
$ crontab -e
# 灾难恢复检测：每分钟
* * * * * /dm/scripts/dr_recover.sh
# 4. 验证结果
– 查看Data Guard状态
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$STANDBY;
# 输出结果
# STANDBY_NAME STANDBY_HOST STANDBY_PORT STANDBY_STATUS
# ————— ————– ————– —————
# standby_local 192.168.1.11 5236 NORMAL
# standby_remote 192.168.2.11 5236 NORMAL
# 5. 实施结果
– 跨机房架构配置成功
– 主备同步正常
– 灾难恢复正常