# 创建Dockerfile
$ cat > Dockerfile << 'EOF'
# 第一阶段：构建
FROM node:16-alpine AS build

WORKDIR /app

COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm install

COPY . .
RUN npm run build

# 第二阶段：运行
FROM nginx:alpine

COPY --from=build /app/build /usr/share/nginx/html

EXPOSE 80

CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
EOF

# 创建package.json
$ cat > package.json << 'EOF'
{
  "name": "myapp",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "React application",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "react-scripts start",
    "build": "react-scripts build",
    "test": "react-scripts test",
    "eject": "react-scripts eject"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "react": "^17.0.2",
    "react-dom": "^17.0.2",
    "react-scripts": "4.0.3"
  },
  "eslintConfig": {
    "extends": [
      "react-app",
      "react-app/jest"
    ]
  },
  "browserslist": {
    "production": [
      ">0.2%",
      "not dead",
      "not op_mini all"
    ],
    "development": [
      "last 1 chrome version",
      "last 1 firefox version",
      "last 1 safari version"
    ]
  }
}
EOF

# 创建src目录结构
$ mkdir -p src

# 创建index.js
$ cat > src/index.js << 'EOF'
import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import App from './App';

ReactDOM.render(
  
    
  ,
  document.getElementById('root')
);
EOF

# 创建App.js
$ cat > src/App.js << 'EOF'
import React from 'react';

function App() {
  return (
    

      
Hello World!
      
Welcome to React application
    
  );
}

export default App;
EOF

# 创建index.html
$ cat > public/index.html << 'EOF'

    

EOF

# 构建镜像
$ docker build -t fgedu/react-app:latest .

[+] Building 15.0s (12/12) FINISHED
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile
 => => transferring dockerfile: 320B
 => [internal] load .dockerignore
 => => transferring context: 2B
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/node:16-alpine
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/nginx:alpine
 => [build 1/5] FROM docker.io/library/node:16-alpine
 => [stage-1 1/4] FROM docker.io/library/nginx:alpine
 => [build 2/5] WORKDIR /app
 => [build 3/5] COPY package*.json ./
 => [build 4/5] RUN npm install
 => [build 5/5] COPY . .
 => [build 6/5] RUN npm run build
 => [stage-1 2/4] COPY --from=build /app/build /usr/share/nginx/html
 => [stage-1 3/4] EXPOSE 80
 => [stage-1 4/4] CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
 => exporting to image
 => => exporting layers
 => => writing image sha256:1234567890abcdef...
 => => naming to docker.io/fgedu/react-app:latest

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4.3 Docker数据库多阶段构建实战

案例：构建自定义PostgreSQL镜像

# 创建Dockerfile
$ cat > Dockerfile << 'EOF'
# 第一阶段：构建扩展
FROM postgres:14 AS build

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    build-essential \
    postgresql-server-dev-14 \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

WORKDIR /app

# 复制扩展源代码
COPY pg_cron /app/pg_cron

# 构建扩展
RUN cd pg_cron && make && make install

# 第二阶段：运行
FROM postgres:14

# 复制构建的扩展
COPY --from=build /usr/lib/postgresql/14/lib/pg_cron.so /usr/lib/postgresql/14/lib/
COPY --from=build /usr/share/postgresql/14/extension/pg_cron* /usr/share/postgresql/14/extension/

# 配置postgresql.conf
RUN echo "shared_preload_libraries = 'pg_cron'" >> /usr/share/postgresql/postgresql.conf.sample

# 初始化脚本
COPY init.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/

EXPOSE 5432
EOF

# 创建init.sql
$ cat > init.sql << 'EOF'
-- 启用pg_cron扩展
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_cron;

-- 创建表
CREATE TABLE fgedu_users (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(50),
    email VARCHAR(100)
);

-- 插入数据
INSERT INTO fgedu_users (name, email) VALUES
('张三', 'zhangsan@example.com'),
('李四', 'lisi@example.com'),
('王五', 'wangwu@example.com');

-- 创建定时任务
SELECT cron.schedule('0 0 * * *', 'DELETE FROM fgedu_users WHERE id > 1000');
EOF

# 构建镜像
$ docker build -t fgedu/postgres:latest .

[+] Building 15.0s (12/12) FINISHED
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile
 => => transferring dockerfile: 450B
 => [internal] load .dockerignore
 => => transferring context: 2B
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/postgres:14
 => [build 1/5] FROM docker.io/library/postgres:14
 => [stage-1 1/4] FROM docker.io/library/postgres:14
 => [build 2/5] RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential postgresql-server-dev-14 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 => [build 3/5] WORKDIR /app
 => [build 4/5] COPY pg_cron /app/pg_cron
 => [build 5/5] RUN cd pg_cron && make && make install
 => [stage-1 2/4] COPY --from=build /usr/lib/postgresql/14/lib/pg_cron.so /usr/lib/postgresql/14/lib/
 => [stage-1 3/4] COPY --from=build /usr/share/postgresql/14/extension/pg_cron* /usr/share/postgresql/14/extension/
 => [stage-1 4/4] COPY init.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/
 => exporting to image
 => => exporting layers
 => => writing image sha256:1234567890abcdef...
 => => naming to docker.io/fgedu/postgres:latest