# 设置目录权限
# chown -R prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus
# chown -R prometheus:prometheus /data/prometheus
# chown -R prometheus:prometheus /var/log/prometheus
# chmod -R 750 /data/prometheus
# chmod -R 750 /var/log/prometheus

# 验证目录权限
# ls -la /data/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 prometheus prometheus 6 4月 4 10:00 prometheus

# 输出示例：
–2026-04-04 10:00:00– https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.45.0/prometheus-2.45.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
正在解析主机 github.com… 140.82.121.4
正在连接 github.com|140.82.121.4|:443… 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应… 200 OK
长度：100000000 (95M) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “prometheus-2.45.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz”
100%[======================================>] 100,000,000 10.0MB/s 用时 9.5s
2026-04-04 10:00:10 (10.0 MB/s) – 已保存 “prometheus-2.45.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz”

# 解压安装包
# tar -xzf prometheus-2.45.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# 复制二进制文件
# cp prometheus-2.45.0.linux-amd64/prometheus /usr/local/bin/
# cp prometheus-2.45.0.linux-amd64/promtool /usr/local/bin/

# 复制默认配置文件
# cp prometheus-2.45.0.linux-amd64/prometheus.yml /etc/prometheus/

# 设置权限
# chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/prometheus
# chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/promtool
# chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/prometheus
# chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/promtool

# 验证安装
# prometheus –version
prometheus, version 2.45.0 (branch: HEAD, revision: abc123)
build user: root@buildhost
build date: 20240101-00:00:00
go version: go1.21.0
platform: linux/amd64

# 添加以下配置
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
evaluation_interval: 15s
external_labels:
monitor: ‘fgedu-monitor’

alerting:
alertmanagers:
– static_configs:
– targets:
– localhost:9093

rule_files:
– /etc/prometheus/rules/*.yml

scrape_configs:
– job_name: ‘prometheus’
static_configs:
– targets: [‘localhost:9090’]
labels:
instance: ‘fgedudb01’

– job_name: ‘node_exporter’
static_configs:
– targets: [‘192.168.1.51:9100’, ‘192.168.1.52:9100’]
labels:
group: ‘production’

– job_name: ‘mysql_exporter’
static_configs:
– targets: [‘192.168.1.51:9104’]

– job_name: ‘redis_exporter’
static_configs:
– targets: [‘192.168.1.51:9121’]

# 创建规则目录
# mkdir -p /etc/prometheus/rules

# 创建告警规则文件
# vi /etc/prometheus/rules/alert_rules.yml

groups:
– name: node_alerts
rules:
– alert: InstanceDown
expr: up == 0
for: 1m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: “Instance {{ $labels.instance }} down”
description: “{{ $labels.instance }} of job {{ $labels.job }} has been down for more than 1 minute.”

– alert: HighCPUUsage
expr: 100 – (avg by(instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode=”idle”}[5m])) * 100) > 80
for: 5m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: “High CPU usage on {{ $labels.instance }}”
description: “CPU usage is above 80% (current value: {{ $value }}%)”

– alert: HighMemoryUsage
expr: (1 – (node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes)) * 100 > 85
for: 5m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: “High memory usage on {{ $labels.instance }}”
description: “Memory usage is above 85% (current value: {{ $value }}%)”

– alert: DiskSpaceLow
expr: (node_filesystem_avail_bytes{fstype!=”tmpfs”} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype!=”tmpfs”}) * 100 < 15 for: 5m labels: severity: warning annotations: summary: "Low disk space on {{ $labels.instance }}" description: "Disk usage is above 85% (current value: {{ $value }}%)" # 设置权限 # chown -R prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus

[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Monitoring System
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/
After=network-online.target

[Service]
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
Type=simple
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/prometheus \
–config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
–storage.tsdb.path=/data/prometheus \
–storage.tsdb.retention.time=15d \
–storage.tsdb.retention.size=50GB \
–web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles \
–web.console.libraries=/etc/prometheus/console_libraries \
–web.listen-address=0.0.0.0:9090 \
–web.external-url=http://192.168.1.51:9090 \
–log.level=info \
–log.format=logfmt
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# 重载systemd
# systemctl daemon-reload

# 启动Prometheus服务
# systemctl start prometheus

# 设置开机自启动
# systemctl enable prometheus

# 输出示例：
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/prometheus.service → /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service.

# 检查服务状态
# systemctl status prometheus

● prometheus.service – Prometheus Monitoring System
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2026-04-04 10:00:00 CST; 5s ago
Docs: https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/
Main PID: 12345 (prometheus)
Tasks: 8 (limit: 4915)
Memory: 100.0M
CGroup: /system.slice/prometheus.service
└─12345 /usr/local/bin/prometheus –config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml …

# 检查端口
# netstat -tlnp | grep prometheus
tcp6 0 0 :::9090 :::* LISTEN 12345/prometheus