# 检查麒麟系统硬件信息（在主机上执行）
# 检查内存大小
# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 125G 2.1G 118G 1.3G 4.5G 120G
Swap: 62G 0B 62G

# 检查CPU核心数
# nproc
32

# 检查CPU是否支持AVX2指令集
# grep avx2 /proc/cpuinfo | head -1
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon rep_good nopl xtopology cpuid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq vmx ssse3 fma cx16 pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp

# 检查磁盘空间
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 200G 6.8G 193G 4% /
devtmpfs 63G 0 63G 0% /dev
tmpfs 63G 0 63G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 63G 13M 63G 1% /run
tmpfs 63G 0 63G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
/dev/sdb1 500G 12G 488G 3% /oracle
/dev/sdc1 100G 11G 89G 11% /backup

# 网络规划
# 主机名：fgedudb01.fgedu.net.cn
# IP地址：192.168.1.51/24

# 配置网络接口
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.1.51
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DNS1=192.168.1.2

# 重启网络服务
# systemctl restart network

# 配置主机名
# hostnamectl set-hostname fgedudb01.fgedu.net.cn

# 配置HOSTS文件
# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.51 fgedudb01.fgedu.net.cn fgedudb01

# 安装必要的RPM包（以root用户执行）
# yum install -y binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb libX11 libXau libXi libXtst make sysstat xorg-x11-xauth xorg-x11-utils

# 安装依赖包
# yum install -y libXp libXt libXv motif motif-devel redhat-lsb-core

# 安装GNOME桌面环境
# yum groupinstall -y “Server with GUI”

# 安装额外依赖包
# yum install -y libnsl2 libnsl2-devel openssl-devel

# 安装Python 3.9+（Oracle 26ai的AI功能需要）
# yum install -y python39 python39-pip python39-devel

# 配置内核参数（以root用户执行）
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 33554432
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

# 应用内核参数
# sysctl -p

# 配置PAM限制（以root用户执行）
# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle soft memlock 67108864
oracle hard memlock 134217728

# 配置Selinux（以root用户执行）
# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

# 临时禁用Selinux
# setenforce 0

# 关闭防火墙（以root用户执行）
# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭NetworkManager（以root用户执行）
# systemctl stop NetworkManager
# systemctl disable NetworkManager

# 配置大页内存（以root用户执行）
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.nr_hugepages = 32768

# 关闭透明大页（以root用户执行）
# vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

# 给rc.local添加执行权限
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

# 关闭NUMA（以root用户执行）
# vi /etc/default/grub
在GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX行添加：numa=off transparent_hugepage=never

# 生成新的grub配置文件
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

# 配置时间同步（以root用户执行）
# yum install -y chrony
# systemctl enable chronyd
# systemctl start chronyd

# 配置TMPFS（以root用户执行）
# vi /etc/fstab
添加：tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=64g 0 0

# 挂载TMPFS
# mount -o remount /dev/shm

# 创建Oracle安装所需的组（以root用户执行）
# groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
# groupadd -g 54322 dba
# groupadd -g 54323 oper
# groupadd -g 54324 asmdba
# groupadd -g 54325 racdba

# 创建Oracle用户（以root用户执行）
# useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba,racdba oracle

# 设置密码（以root用户执行）
# passwd oracle
New password:
Retype new password:

# 创建Oracle安装目录和数据目录（以root用户执行）
# mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/26ai/db_1
# mkdir -p /oracle/app/oraInventory
# mkdir -p /oracle/oradata
# mkdir -p /oracle/backup
# mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/admin/fgedudb/adump
# mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/diag

# 设置目录权限（以root用户执行）
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle
# chmod -R 775 /oracle

# Oracle 26ai Linux 64位安装包
# LINUX.X64_26AI_DATABASE.zip

# 下载完成后，将安装包上传到/backup目录
# mkdir -p /backup/oracle/26ai

# 解压安装包（以oracle用户执行）
$ cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/26ai/db_1
$ unzip -q /backup/oracle/26ai/LINUX.X64_26AI_DATABASE.zip

# 配置Oracle用户环境变量（以oracle用户执行）
$ vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
# Oracle Database Settings
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/26ai/db_1
ORACLE_SID=fgedudb
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
DISPLAY=:0.0

# 使环境变量生效（以oracle用户执行）
$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

# 以Oracle用户登录，启动Oracle数据库安装向导
$ cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/26ai/db_1
$ ./runInstaller

图形化安装步骤：
步骤1：配置安全更新 – 取消勾选”I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support” – 点击”Next” – 在弹出的警告窗口点击”Yes”

步骤2：选择安装选项 – 选择”Create and configure a database” – 点击”Next”

步骤3：选择数据库安装类型 – 选择”Server class” – 点击”Next”

步骤4：选择配置类型 – 选择”Single instance database installation” – 点击”Next”

步骤5：选择安装语言 – 选择”Simplified Chinese”和”English” – 点击”Next”

步骤6：选择数据库版本 – 选择”Enterprise Edition” – 点击”Next”

步骤7：指定安装位置 –
Oracle Base: /oracle/app/oracle
Oracle Home: /oracle/app/oracle/product/26ai/db_1
点击”Next”

步骤8：指定数据库配置选项 –
Global Database Name: fgedudb
SID: fgedudb
勾选”Create as Container database”
Pluggable database name: fgedupdb
点击”Next”

步骤9：指定数据库配置选项 –
Memory: 选择”Use Automatic Memory Management”，设置为物理内存的70%
Character Sets: 选择”Use Unicode (AL32UTF8)”
Database Sample Schemas: 勾选”Create database with sample schemas”
点击”Next”

步骤10：指定管理选项 –
选择”Use Database Control for database management”
勾选”Enable Email Notification”（可选）
点击”Next”

步骤11：指定数据库存储选项 – 选择”File System” –
指定存储路径：/oracle/oradata
点击”Next”

步骤12：指定快速恢复区 –
快速恢复区：/oracle/backup
快速恢复区大小：200GB
点击”Next”

步骤13：指定数据库方案密码 –
选择”Use the same password for all accounts”
输入密码：Oracle123
点击”Next”（可能会提示密码不符合复杂度要求，点击”Continue”继续）

步骤14：执行先决条件检查 –
检查完成后，点击”Next”

步骤15：安装产品 –
点击”Finish”开始安装

步骤16：执行配置脚本 –
安装过程中会提示以root用户执行脚本：
# /oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
# /oracle/app/oracle/product/26ai/db_1/root.sh
执行完成后，点击”OK”继续

步骤17：完成安装 –
数据库创建完成后，点击”Close”

# 以Oracle用户执行Net Configuration Assistant
$ netca

# 选择”Listener Configuration” – 点击”Next”
# 选择”Reconfigure” – 点击”Next”
# 选择监听程序名称（LISTENER） – 点击”Next”
# 选择协议（TCP） – 点击”Next”
# 指定端口号（默认1521） – 点击”Next”
# 完成配置

# 验证监听程序状态
$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 26.0.0.0.0 – Production on 03-APR-2026 08:00:00

Copyright (c) 1991, 2026, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=fgedudb01.fgedu.net.cn)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
————————
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 26.0.0.0.0 – Production
Start Date 03-APR-2026 07:00:00
Uptime 0 days 1 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /oracle/app/oracle/product/26ai/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/fgedudb01/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary…
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=fgedudb01.fgedu.net.cn)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=fgedudb01.fgedu.net.cn)(PORT=7077)))
Services Summary…
Service “fgedudb” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “fgedudb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “fgedudbXDB” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “fgedudb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “fgedupdb” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “fgedudb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully

# 以Oracle用户编辑tnsnames.ora文件
$ vi /oracle/app/oracle/product/26ai/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

FGEDUDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = fgedudb01.fgedu.net.cn)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = fgedudb)
)
)

FGEDUPDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = fgedudb01.fgedu.net.cn)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = fgedupdb)
)
)

# 连接到CDB（以Oracle用户执行）
$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 26.0.0.0.0 – Production on Wed Apr 3 08:00:00 2026
Version 26.1.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2026, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 26ai Enterprise Edition Release 26.0.0.0.0 – Production
Version 26.1.0.0.0

SQL>

# 检查PDB状态
SQL> SHOW pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
———- —————————— ———- ———-
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 FGEDUPDB READ WRITE NO

# 连接到PDB
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET container = fgedupdb;
Session altered.

# 连接到CDB
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET container = CDB$ROOT;
Session altered.

# 配置PDB自动启动
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE fgedupdb SAVE STATE;
Pluggable database altered.

# 验证配置
SQL> SELECT con_name, state FROM dba_pdb_saved_states;

CON_NAME STATE
—————————— ————–
FGEDUPDB OPEN

# 连接到PDB
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET container = fgedupdb;
Session altered.

# 启用AI功能
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET ai_features = “GENAI, VECTOR” SCOPE = BOTH;
System altered.

# 验证AI功能是否启用
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER ai_features;

NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
ai_features string GENAI, VECTOR

# 创建向量存储表空间
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE vector_ts DATAFILE ‘/oracle/oradata/fgedudb/vector01.dbf’ SIZE 100G AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10G MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
Tablespace created.

# 创建向量存储用户
SQL> CREATE USER vector_user IDENTIFIED BY Vector123 DEFAULT TABLESPACE vector_ts QUOTA UNLIMITED ON vector_ts;
User created.

# 授予权限
SQL> GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE, CREATE TABLE, CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE TYPE TO vector_user;
Grant succeeded.

# 检查当前归档模式
SQL> SELECT log_mode FROM v$database;

LOG_MODE
————
NOARCHIVELOG

# 关闭数据库实例
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

# 启动数据库到mount状态
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;

# 启用归档模式
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;

# 打开数据库
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

# 验证归档模式
SQL> SELECT log_mode FROM v$database;

LOG_MODE
————
ARCHIVELOG

# 查看当前密码策略
SQL> SELECT * FROM dba_profiles WHERE resource_name = ‘PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME’;

PROFILE RESOURCE_NAME RESOURCE_TYPE LIMIT
—————————— ——————————– ————- ——————————
DEFAULT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME PASSWORD 180

# 修改密码有效期为无限
SQL> ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED;
Profile altered.

# 验证修改
SQL> SELECT * FROM dba_profiles WHERE resource_name = ‘PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME’;

PROFILE RESOURCE_NAME RESOURCE_TYPE LIMIT
—————————— ——————————– ————- ——————————
DEFAULT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME PASSWORD UNLIMITED

# 查看当前审计状态
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER audit_trail;

NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
audit_trail string DB

# 关闭审计功能
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET audit_trail = NONE SCOPE = SPFILE;
System altered.

# 重启数据库使配置生效
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
SQL> STARTUP;

# 查看当前内存配置
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER memory;

# 调整SGA和PGA大小
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET sga_target = 96G SCOPE = SPFILE;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET pga_aggregate_target = 32G SCOPE = SPFILE;

# 重启数据库使配置生效
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
SQL> STARTUP;

# 连接到RMAN（以Oracle用户执行）
$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 26.0.0.0.0 – Production on Wed Apr 3 08:00:00 2026
Version 26.1.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: FGEDUDB (DBID=1234567890)

RMAN>

# 配置控制文件自动备份
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

# 配置备份保留策略
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 3;

# 执行全库备份
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;

# 验证数据库实例状态（以Oracle用户执行）
$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 26.0.0.0.0 – Production on Wed Apr 3 08:00:00 2026
Version 26.1.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2026, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 26ai Enterprise Edition Release 26.0.0.0.0 – Production
Version 26.1.0.0.0

SQL> SELECT instance_name, status FROM v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
—————- ————
fgedudb OPEN

# 使用sqlplus通过网络连接CDB测试
$ sqlplus system/Oracle123@fgedudb

SQL*Plus: Release 26.0.0.0.0 – Production on Wed Apr 3 08:00:00 2026
Version 26.1.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2026, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 26ai Enterprise Edition Release 26.0.0.0.0 – Production
Version 26.1.0.0.0

SQL>

# 使用sqlplus通过网络连接PDB测试
$ sqlplus system/Oracle123@fgedupdb

SQL*Plus: Release 26.0.0.0.0 – Production on Wed Apr 3 08:00:00 2026
Version 26.1.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2026, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 26ai Enterprise Edition Release 26.0.0.0.0 – Production
Version 26.1.0.0.0

SQL>

# 验证表空间
SQL> SELECT tablespace_name, status FROM dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS
—————————— ———
SYSTEM ONLINE
SYSAUX ONLINE
UNDOTBS1 ONLINE
TEMP ONLINE
USERS ONLINE
EXAMPLE ONLINE
VECTOR_TS ONLINE

# 验证数据文件
SQL> SELECT name FROM v$datafile;

NAME
——————————————————————————–
/oracle/oradata/fgedudb/system01.dbf
/oracle/oradata/fgedudb/sysaux01.dbf
/oracle/oradata/fgedudb/undotbs01.dbf
/oracle/oradata/fgedudb/users01.dbf
/oracle/oradata/fgedudb/example01.dbf
/oracle/oradata/fgedudb/vector01.dbf

# 测试AI功能 – 创建向量表
SQL> CONNECT vector_user/Vector123@fgedupdb
Connected.

SQL> CREATE TABLE vector_table (
id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
content VARCHAR2(1000),
vector VECTOR(768)
);

Table created.

# 测试AI功能 – 插入向量数据
SQL> INSERT INTO vector_table VALUES (1, ‘这是一个测试文档’, vector(‘[0.1, 0.2, 0.3, …, 0.9]’));

1 row created.

# 测试AI功能 – 查询向量相似性
SQL> SELECT id, content, VECTOR_DISTANCE(vector, vector(‘[0.1, 0.2, 0.3, …, 0.9]’), ‘COSINE’) AS similarity FROM vector_table ORDER BY similarity ASC;

ID CONTENT SIMILARITY
———- ———– ———-
1 这是一个测试文档 0

# 访问Enterprise Manager
https://fgedudb01:5500/em
# 使用sys用户和密码登录