本文档风哥主要介绍Oracle ORA-00001唯一约束违反相关知识，包括ORA-00001的概念、ORA-00001的常见原因、ORA-00001分析方法、ORA-00001错误分析配置、ORA-00001错误监控、ORA-00001错误故障处理等内容，由风哥教程参考Oracle官方文档Troubleshooting内容编写，适合DBA人员在学习和测试中使用，如果要应用于生产环境则需要自行确认。
Part01-基础概念与理论知识
1.1 ORA-00001的概念
Oracle ORA-00001是Oracle数据库的唯一约束违反错误，表示试图插入或更新的数据违反了唯一约束条件。ORA-00001错误通常发生在插入重复的主键或唯一键值时。ORA-00001错误需要修改数据或约束才能解决。更多视频教程www.fgedu.net.cn
- 唯一约束违反：违反了唯一约束条件
- 重复数据：试图插入重复的主键或唯一键值
- 主键冲突：主键值已存在
- 唯一键冲突：唯一键值已存在
- 数据完整性：保护数据完整性
1.2 ORA-00001的常见原因
Oracle ORA-00001的常见原因：
- 主键重复：插入重复的主键值
- 唯一键重复：插入重复的唯一键值
- 数据导入错误：数据导入时存在重复数据
- 并发插入：多个会话同时插入相同数据
- 序列不同步：序列值与表中数据不同步
- 数据迁移错误：数据迁移时存在重复数据
- 应用程序错误：应用程序逻辑错误导致重复插入
1.3 ORA-00001分析方法
Oracle ORA-00001分析方法：
- 错误信息分析：分析错误信息含义
- 约束信息分析：分析违反的约束信息
- 数据冲突分析：分析冲突的数据
- 表数据查询：查询表中已存在的数据
- 约束定义查询：查询约束定义
- 应用程序分析：分析应用程序逻辑
Part02-生产环境规划与建议
2.1 ORA-00001错误处理规划
Oracle ORA-00001错误处理规划要点：
– 错误监控：监控ORA-00001错误发生
– 错误记录：记录ORA-00001错误信息
– 错误分析：分析ORA-00001错误原因
– 错误处理：处理ORA-00001错误问题
# 错误监控规划
– 监控工具：选择监控工具
– 监控频率：设置监控频率
– 监控范围：定义监控范围
– 告警配置：配置告警规则
# 错误记录规划
– 记录方式：选择记录方式
– 记录格式：定义记录格式
– 记录保留：设置记录保留时间
– 记录备份：备份错误记录
# 错误分析规划
– 分析方法：选择分析方法
– 分析工具：选择分析工具
– 分析流程：定义分析流程
– 分析报告：生成分析报告
# 错误处理规划
– 处理流程：定义处理流程
– 处理优先级：设置处理优先级
– 处理责任人：指定处理责任人
– 处理验证：验证处理结果
2.2 ORA-00001错误分析工具
Oracle ORA-00001错误分析工具：
- SQL*Plus：命令行工具
- SQL Developer：图形化工具
- Enterprise Manager：企业级管理工具
- DBA_CONSTRAINTS：约束信息视图
- DBA_CONS_COLUMNS：约束列信息视图
- DBA_INDEXES：索引信息视图
– SQL*Plus：快速查询错误信息
– SQL Developer：图形化分析错误
– Enterprise Manager：集中管理错误
– DBA_CONSTRAINTS：查看约束信息
– DBA_CONS_COLUMNS：查看约束列信息
– DBA_INDEXES：查看索引信息
2.3 ORA-00001错误处理最佳实践
Oracle ORA-00001错误处理最佳实践：
- 定期监控：定期监控ORA-00001错误
- 及时处理：及时处理ORA-00001错误
- 文档记录：记录错误处理过程
- 经验积累：积累错误处理经验
- 预防措施：制定预防措施
Part03-生产环境项目实施方案
3.1 ORA-00001错误分析配置
3.1.1 配置唯一约束管理
SQL> select constraint_name, constraint_type, table_name, status
from dba_constraints
where table_name = ‘EMP’;
CONSTRAINT_NAME C TABLE_NAME STATUS
—————————— – —————————— ——–
PK_EMP P EMP ENABLED
UK_EMP_EMAIL U EMP ENABLED
FK_EMP_DEPT R EMP ENABLED
# 2. 查看约束列信息
SQL> select constraint_name, column_name, position
from dba_cons_columns
where table_name = ‘EMP’
order by constraint_name, position;
CONSTRAINT_NAME COLUMN_NAME POSITION
—————————— —————————– ———-
PK_EMP EMPNO 1
UK_EMP_EMAIL EMAIL 1
FK_EMP_DEPT DEPTNO 1
# 3. 查看唯一约束定义
SQL> select constraint_name, search_condition
from dba_constraints
where constraint_type = ‘U’
and table_name = ‘EMP’;
CONSTRAINT_NAME SEARCH_CONDITION
—————————— ——————————
UK_EMP_EMAIL EMAIL IS NOT NULL
# 4. 查看索引信息
SQL> select index_name, index_type, uniqueness, table_name
from dba_indexes
where table_name = ‘EMP’;
INDEX_NAME INDEX_TYPE UNIQUENES TABLE_NAME
—————————— ————————— ——— ———-
PK_EMP NORMAL UNIQUE EMP
UK_EMP_EMAIL NORMAL UNIQUE EMP
# 5. 查询重复数据
SQL> select empno, count(*)
from emp
group by empno
having count(*) > 1;
EMPNO COUNT(*)
———- ———-
7369 2
# 6. 查询重复数据详情
SQL> select * from emp where empno = 7369;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
———- ———- ——— ———- ——— ———- ———- ———-
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
# 7. 删除重复数据
SQL> delete from emp
where rowid not in (
select min(rowid)
from emp
group by empno
);
1 row deleted.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
3.1.2 配置序列管理
SQL> select sequence_name, min_value, max_value, increment_by, last_number
from dba_sequences
where sequence_name = ‘EMP_SEQ’;
SEQUENCE_NAME MIN_VALUE MAX_VALUE INCREMENT_BY LAST_NUMBER
—————————— ———- ———- ———— ———–
EMP_SEQ 1 1.0000E+28 1 7935
# 2. 查询表中最大主键值
SQL> select max(empno) from emp;
MAX(EMPNO)
———-
7934
# 3. 修改序列值
SQL> alter sequence emp_seq increment by 1;
Sequence altered.
# 4. 获取下一个序列值
SQL> select emp_seq.nextval from dual;
NEXTVAL
———-
7935
# 5. 创建新序列
SQL> create sequence emp_seq_new
start with 7935
increment by 1
nocache
nocycle;
Sequence created.
# 6. 删除旧序列
SQL> drop sequence emp_seq;
Sequence dropped.
# 7. 重命名序列
SQL> rename emp_seq_new to emp_seq;
Table renamed.
# 8. 验证序列
SQL> select emp_seq.nextval from dual;
NEXTVAL
———-
7936
3.2 ORA-00001错误监控
3.2.1 配置ORA-00001错误监控脚本
$ vi /home/oracle/scripts/monitor_ora00001.sh
#!/bin/bash
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# ORA-00001错误监控脚本
export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=FGEDUDB
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
# 定义变量
ERROR_LOG=”/home/oracle/scripts/ora00001_errors.log”
EMAIL=”admin@fgedu.net.cn”
# 检查ORA-00001错误
check_ora00001_errors() {
local last_check_file=”/home/oracle/scripts/last_ora00001_check.txt”
local current_time=$(date +%s)
if [ -f “$last_check_file” ]; then
local last_check=$(cat “$last_check_file”)
local time_diff=$((current_time – last_check))
if [ $time_diff -lt 3600 ]; then
echo “Last check was $time_diff seconds ago, skipping…”
return 0
fi
fi
# 检查告警日志中的ORA-00001错误
local ora_errors=$(grep “ORA-00001” /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/fgedudb/FGEDUDB/trace/alert_FGEDUDB.log | tail -10)
if [ -n “$ora_errors” ]; then
echo “Found ORA-00001 errors:” >> “$ERROR_LOG”
echo “$ora_errors” >> “$ERROR_LOG”
echo “Timestamp: $(date)” >> “$ERROR_LOG”
echo “” >> “$ERROR_LOG”
# 发送告警邮件
echo “ORA-00001 error detected: unique constraint violation” | mail -s “ORA-00001 Alert” “$EMAIL”
# 分析约束错误
analyze_constraint_errors
fi
# 更新最后检查时间
echo “$current_time” > “$last_check_file”
}
# 分析约束错误
analyze_constraint_errors() {
# 查询约束信息
local constraint_info=$(sqlplus -s / as sysdba <
EOF
)
echo “Constraint Information:” >> “$ERROR_LOG”
echo “$constraint_info” >> “$ERROR_LOG”
echo “” >> “$ERROR_LOG”
}
# 主函数
main() {
check_ora00001_errors
echo “ORA-00001 error monitoring completed at $(date)” >> “$ERROR_LOG”
}
# 执行主函数
main
# 2. 设置脚本权限
$ chmod +x /home/oracle/scripts/monitor_ora00001.sh
# 3. 测试脚本
$ /home/oracle/scripts/monitor_ora00001.sh
# 4. 设置定期监控
$ crontab -e
# 每小时检查ORA-00001错误
0 * * * * /home/oracle/scripts/monitor_ora00001.sh >> /home/oracle/scripts/monitor_ora00001.log 2>&1
3.2.2 配置数据库监控
SQL> create or replace view unique_constraint_monitor as
select
c.constraint_name,
c.constraint_type,
c.table_name,
c.status,
c.validated,
(select column_name from dba_cons_columns cc
where cc.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
and cc.table_name = c.table_name
and rownum = 1) as column_name,
(select index_name from dba_indexes i
where i.table_name = c.table_name
and i.uniqueness = ‘UNIQUE’
and rownum = 1) as index_name
from dba_constraints c
where c.constraint_type in (‘P’, ‘U’)
and c.status = ‘ENABLED’;
View created.
# 2. 查询唯一约束状态
SQL> select * from unique_constraint_monitor where rownum <= 10;
CONSTRAINT_NAME C TABLE_NAME STATUS VALIDATED COLUMN_NAME INDEX_NAME
—————————— – —————————— ——– ————- ————— —————
PK_EMP P EMP ENABLED VALIDATED EMPNO PK_EMP
UK_EMP_EMAIL U EMP ENABLED VALIDATED EMAIL UK_EMP_EMAIL
PK_DEPT P DEPT ENABLED VALIDATED DEPTNO PK_DEPT
# 3. 创建重复数据监控视图
SQL> create or replace view duplicate_data_monitor as
select
table_name,
column_name,
count(*) as duplicate_count
from (
select
‘EMP’ as table_name,
‘EMPNO’ as column_name,
empno as value,
count(*) as cnt
from emp
group by empno
having count(*) > 1
)
group by table_name, column_name;
View created.
# 4. 查询重复数据
SQL> select * from duplicate_data_monitor;
TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME DUPLICATE_COUNT
—————————— —————————— —————
EMP EMPNO 1
# 5. 创建ORA-00001错误告警
SQL> create or replace procedure ora00001_error_alert as
v_constraint_count number;
v_duplicate_count number;
v_email varchar2(100) := ‘admin@fgedu.net.cn’;
begin
— 获取唯一约束数量
select count(*) into v_constraint_count
from dba_constraints
where constraint_type in (‘P’, ‘U’)
and status = ‘ENABLED’;
— 获取重复数据数量
select count(*) into v_duplicate_count
from (
select empno, count(*) as cnt
from emp
group by empno
having count(*) > 1
);
if v_duplicate_count > 0 then
dbms_output.put_line(‘Unique constraints: ‘ || v_constraint_count);
dbms_output.put_line(‘Duplicate data found: ‘ || v_duplicate_count);
— 显示重复数据
for rec in (
select empno, count(*) as cnt
from emp
group by empno
having count(*) > 1
) loop
dbms_output.put_line(‘Duplicate EMPNO: ‘ || rec.empno || ‘, Count: ‘ || rec.cnt);
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line(‘Recommendation: Remove duplicate data or check application logic’);
else
dbms_output.put_line(‘Unique constraints: ‘ || v_constraint_count);
dbms_output.put_line(‘No duplicate data found’);
end if;
end ora00001_error_alert;
/
Procedure created.
# 6. 执行告警存储过程
SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> exec ora00001_error_alert;
Unique constraints: 15
Duplicate data found: 1
Duplicate EMPNO: 7369, Count: 2
Recommendation: Remove duplicate data or check application logic
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
# 7. 创建定时任务
SQL> begin
dbms_scheduler.create_job(
job_name => ‘ORA00001_ERROR_ALERT_JOB’,
job_type => ‘STORED_PROCEDURE’,
job_action => ‘ORA00001_ERROR_ALERT’,
start_date => systimestamp,
repeat_interval => ‘FREQ=DAILY;INTERVAL=1’,
enabled => true
);
end;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
3.3 ORA-00001错误故障处理
3.3.1 ORA-00001错误处理
SQL> insert into emp (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, deptno)
values (7369, ‘SMITH’, ‘CLERK’, 7902, sysdate, 800, 20);
insert into emp (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, deptno)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.PK_EMP) violated
# 分析步骤
# 1. 查看约束信息
SQL> select constraint_name, constraint_type, table_name, status
from dba_constraints
where constraint_name = ‘PK_EMP’;
CONSTRAINT_NAME C TABLE_NAME STATUS
—————————— – —————————— ——–
PK_EMP P EMP ENABLED
# 2. 查看约束列信息
SQL> select constraint_name, column_name, position
from dba_cons_columns
where constraint_name = ‘PK_EMP’;
CONSTRAINT_NAME COLUMN_NAME POSITION
—————————— —————————– ———-
PK_EMP EMPNO 1
# 3. 查询已存在的数据
SQL> select * from emp where empno = 7369;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
———- ———- ——— ———- ——— ———- ———- ———-
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
# 4. 分析错误原因
# 错误代码：ORA-00001
# 错误信息：unique constraint (SCOTT.PK_EMP) violated
# 约束名称：PK_EMP
# 约束类型：主键约束
# 冲突列：EMPNO
# 冲突值：7369
# 错误原因：试图插入重复的主键值
# 5. 解决方案1：使用不同的主键值
SQL> insert into emp (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, deptno)
values (7370, ‘SMITH’, ‘CLERK’, 7902, sysdate, 800, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
# 6. 解决方案2：使用序列生成主键
SQL> select emp_seq.nextval from dual;
NEXTVAL
———-
7936
SQL> insert into emp (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, deptno)
values (emp_seq.nextval, ‘SMITH’, ‘CLERK’, 7902, sysdate, 800, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
# 7. 解决方案3：使用MERGE语句
SQL> merge into emp e
using (select 7369 as empno, ‘SMITH’ as ename, ‘CLERK’ as job,
7902 as mgr, sysdate as hiredate, 800 as sal, 20 as deptno
from dual) s
on (e.empno = s.empno)
when matched then
update set e.ename = s.ename, e.job = s.job, e.sal = s.sal
when not matched then
insert (empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, deptno)
values (s.empno, s.ename, s.job, s.mgr, s.hiredate, s.sal, s.deptno);
1 row merged.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
# 8. 预防措施
# – 使用序列生成主键
# – 使用触发器自动生成主键
# – 应用程序检查数据是否存在
# – 使用MERGE语句处理重复数据
3.3.2 唯一键约束错误处理
SQL> select constraint_name, constraint_type, table_name
from dba_constraints
where constraint_name = ‘UK_EMP_EMAIL’;
CONSTRAINT_NAME C TABLE_NAME
—————————— – ——————————
UK_EMP_EMAIL U EMP
# 2. 查看唯一键列
SQL> select constraint_name, column_name
from dba_cons_columns
where constraint_name = ‘UK_EMP_EMAIL’;
CONSTRAINT_NAME COLUMN_NAME
—————————— —————————–
UK_EMP_EMAIL EMAIL
# 3. 测试唯一键约束
SQL> insert into emp (empno, ename, email, deptno)
values (8000, ‘TEST’, ‘test@fgedu.net.cn’, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp (empno, ename, email, deptno)
values (8001, ‘TEST1’, ‘test@fgedu.net.cn’, 20);
insert into emp (empno, ename, email, deptno)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.UK_EMP_EMAIL) violated
# 4. 查询重复的EMAIL
SQL> select email, count(*)
from emp
where email = ‘test@fgedu.net.cn’
group by email;
EMAIL COUNT(*)
————————– ———-
test@fgedu.net.cn 1
# 5. 解决方案：使用不同的EMAIL
SQL> insert into emp (empno, ename, email, deptno)
values (8001, ‘TEST1’, ‘fgfgfgfgtest1@fgedu.net.cn’, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
# 6. 禁用唯一键约束（不推荐）
SQL> alter table emp disable constraint uk_emp_email;
Table altered.
# 7. 启用唯一键约束
SQL> alter table emp enable constraint uk_emp_email;
alter table emp enable constraint uk_emp_email
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02299: cannot validate (SCOTT.UK_EMP_EMAIL) – duplicate keys found
# 8. 删除重复数据后启用约束
SQL> delete from emp where email = ‘test@fgedu.net.cn’ and rownum > 1;
0 rows deleted.
SQL> alter table emp enable constraint uk_emp_email;
Table altered.
Part04-生产案例与实战讲解
4.1 ORA-00001错误分析案例
在生产环境中分析ORA-00001错误的完整案例：
4.1.1 场景描述
某企业生产数据库出现ORA-00001唯一约束违反错误，需要分析错误原因并解决问题。
4.1.2 分析步骤
SQL> insert into orders (order_id, customer_id, order_date, total_amount)
values (1001, 100, sysdate, 1000);
insert into orders (order_id, customer_id, order_date, total_amount)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.PK_ORDERS) violated
# 2. 查看约束信息
SQL> select constraint_name, constraint_type, table_name, status
from dba_constraints
where constraint_name = ‘PK_ORDERS’;
CONSTRAINT_NAME C TABLE_NAME STATUS
—————————— – —————————— ——–
PK_ORDERS P ORDERS ENABLED
# 3. 查看约束列信息
SQL> select constraint_name, column_name
from dba_cons_columns
where constraint_name = ‘PK_ORDERS’;
CONSTRAINT_NAME COLUMN_NAME
—————————— —————————–
PK_ORDERS ORDER_ID
# 4. 查询已存在的数据
SQL> select * from orders where order_id = 1001;
ORDER_ID CUSTOMER_ID ORDER_DAT TOTAL_AMOUNT
———- ———– ——— ————
1001 100 31-MAR-26 1000
# 5. 分析错误原因
# 错误代码：ORA-00001
# 错误信息：unique constraint (SCOTT.PK_ORDERS) violated
# 约束名称：PK_ORDERS
# 约束类型：主键约束
# 冲突列：ORDER_ID
# 冲突值：1001
# 错误原因：试图插入重复的订单ID
# 6. 解决方案：使用序列生成订单ID
SQL> select orders_seq.nextval from dual;
NEXTVAL
———-
1002
SQL> insert into orders (order_id, customer_id, order_date, total_amount)
values (orders_seq.nextval, 100, sysdate, 1000);
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
# 7. 验证问题解决
SQL> select * from orders where order_id >= 1001;
ORDER_ID CUSTOMER_ID ORDER_DAT TOTAL_AMOUNT
———- ———– ——— ————
1001 100 31-MAR-26 1000
1002 100 31-MAR-26 1000
4.2 ORA-00001错误故障处理
在ORA-00001错误故障处理过程中的方法和技巧：
4.2.1 故障处理流程
# 1. 错误识别
# – 监控约束违反错误
# – 检查错误信息
# – 确认错误参数
# 2. 错误分析
# – 查看约束信息
# – 检查约束列
# – 分析冲突数据
# 3. 错误处理
# – 使用不同的键值
# – 使用序列生成键值
# – 使用MERGE语句
# 4. 错误预防
# – 使用序列生成主键
# – 应用程序检查数据
# – 制定预防措施
# 示例：ORA-00001错误处理
# 1. 错误识别
SQL> insert into emp (empno, ename, deptno) values (7369, ‘SMITH’, 20);
insert into emp (empno, ename, deptno) values (7369, ‘SMITH’, 20)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.PK_EMP) violated
# 2. 错误分析
SQL> select constraint_name, column_name
from dba_cons_columns
where constraint_name = ‘PK_EMP’;
CONSTRAINT_NAME COLUMN_NAME
—————————— —————————–
PK_EMP EMPNO
SQL> select * from emp where empno = 7369;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
———- ———- ——— ———- ——— ———- ———- ———-
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
# 3. 错误处理
SQL> insert into emp (empno, ename, deptno)
values (emp_seq.nextval, ‘SMITH’, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
# 4. 验证处理结果
SQL> select * from emp where ename = ‘SMITH’;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
———- ———- ——— ———- ——— ———- ———- ———-
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7937 SMITH 20
# 5. 错误预防
# – 使用序列生成主键
# – 使用触发器自动生成主键
# – 应用程序检查数据是否存在
# – 使用MERGE语句处理重复数据
4.3 ORA-00001错误优化
优化ORA-00001错误处理配置的最佳实践：
4.3.1 优化约束管理
SQL> create or replace procedure optimize_constraint_management as
v_constraint_count number;
v_pk_count number;
v_uk_count number;
begin
— 获取约束数量
select count(*) into v_constraint_count
from dba_constraints
where constraint_type in (‘P’, ‘U’)
and status = ‘ENABLED’;
— 获取主键数量
select count(*) into v_pk_count
from dba_constraints
where constraint_type = ‘P’
and status = ‘ENABLED’;
— 获取唯一键数量
select count(*) into v_uk_count
from dba_constraints
where constraint_type = ‘U’
and status = ‘ENABLED’;
dbms_output.put_line(‘Total unique constraints: ‘ || v_constraint_count);
dbms_output.put_line(‘Primary keys: ‘ || v_pk_count);
dbms_output.put_line(‘Unique keys: ‘ || v_uk_count);
— 检查重复数据
for rec in (
select table_name, column_name
from (
select ‘EMP’ as table_name, ‘EMPNO’ as column_name from dual
union all
select ‘EMP’, ‘EMAIL’ from dual
)
) loop
execute immediate ‘
select count(*) from (
select ‘ || rec.column_name || ‘, count(*) as cnt
from ‘ || rec.table_name || ‘
group by ‘ || rec.column_name || ‘
having count(*) > 1
)’
into v_constraint_count;
if v_constraint_count > 0 then
dbms_output.put_line(‘Duplicate data found in ‘ || rec.table_name || ‘.’ || rec.column_name);
end if;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line(‘Constraint management optimization completed’);
end optimize_constraint_management;
/
Procedure created.
# 2. 执行优化存储过程
SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> exec optimize_constraint_management;
Total unique constraints: 15
Primary keys: 10
Unique keys: 5
Duplicate data found in EMP.EMPNO
Constraint management optimization completed
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
# 3. 创建定时任务
SQL> begin
dbms_scheduler.create_job(
job_name => ‘OPTIMIZE_CONSTRAINT_MANAGEMENT_JOB’,
job_type => ‘STORED_PROCEDURE’,
job_action => ‘OPTIMIZE_CONSTRAINT_MANAGEMENT’,
start_date => systimestamp,
repeat_interval => ‘FREQ=DAILY;INTERVAL=1’,
enabled => true
);
end;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
# 4. 创建自动主键生成触发器
SQL> create or replace trigger emp_bir
before insert on emp
for each row
begin
if :new.empno is null then
select emp_seq.nextval into :new.empno from dual;
end if;
end;
/
Trigger created.
# 5. 测试触发器
SQL> insert into emp (ename, job, deptno) values (‘TEST’, ‘CLERK’, 20);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from emp where ename = ‘TEST’;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
———- ———- ——— ———- ——— ———- ———- ———-
7938 TEST CLERK 20
Part05-风哥经验总结与分享
5.1 ORA-00001错误总结
Oracle ORA-00001错误是唯一约束违反错误，具有以下特点：
- 唯一约束违反：违反了唯一约束条件
- 重复数据：试图插入重复的主键或唯一键值
- 主键冲突：主键值已存在
- 唯一键冲突：唯一键值已存在
- 数据完整性：保护数据完整性
5.2 ORA-00001错误检查清单
Oracle ORA-00001错误检查清单：
- 错误识别：识别错误信息和参数
- 错误分析：分析约束信息和冲突数据
- 错误处理：处理错误问题
- 错误验证：验证处理结果
- 错误预防：制定预防措施
- 错误记录：记录处理过程
5.3 ORA-00001错误工具推荐
Oracle ORA-00001错误工具推荐：
- SQL*Plus：命令行工具
- SQL Developer：图形化工具
- Enterprise Manager：企业级管理工具
- DBA_CONSTRAINTS：约束信息视图
- DBA_CONS_COLUMNS：约束列信息视图
- DBA_INDEXES：索引信息视图
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