# 1. 配置自动发现规则
# EMCC Console -> Setup -> Add Target -> Configure Auto Discovery

# 2. 使用EMCLI配置自动发现
$ emcli login -username=sysman
Enter password :
Login successful

# 同步Repository
$ emcli sync

# 创建主机发现规范
$ emcli create_discovery_spec \
-name=”Host_Auto_Discovery” \
-target_type=”host” \
-ip_range=”192.168.1.0/24″ \
-credential_name=”Unix_SSH_Creds” \
-snmp_community=”public” \
-protocol=”SSH” \
-auto_promote=”false”

Discovery specification “Host_Auto_Discovery” created successfully

# 3. 创建SSH凭证
$ emcli create_credential_set \
-name=”Unix_SSH_Creds” \
-target_type=”host” \
-cred_type=”HostCreds” \
-auth_type=”SSH_KEY” \
-username=”oracle” \
-ssh_key_file=”/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub”

Credential set “Unix_SSH_Creds” created successfully

# 4. 提交发现任务
$ emcli submit_discovery \
-spec_name=”Host_Auto_Discovery”

Discovery job submitted. Job ID: 12345

# 5. 查看发现结果
$ emcli get_discovered_targets \
-job_id=12345

Target Name Target Type Host Status
——————— —————— ———————- ——–
server1.fgedu.net.cn host server1.fgedu.net.cn DISCOVERED
server2.fgedu.net.cn host server2.fgedu.net.cn DISCOVERED

# 6. 查看发现详情
$ emcli get_discovered_target_details \
-job_id=12345 \
-target_name=”server1.fgedu.net.cn” \
-target_type=”host”

Target Name : server1.fgedu.net.cn
Target Type : host
IP Address : 192.168.1.10
Platform : Linux x86_64
Oracle Home(s) : /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
Discovery Time : 2026-03-31 10:00:00

# 1. 创建数据库发现规范
$ emcli create_discovery_spec \
-name=”DB_Auto_Discovery” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-host_list=”server1.fgedu.net.cn,server2.fgedu.net.cn,server3.fgedu.net.cn” \
-port_range=”1521-1525″ \
-credential_name=”DB_Sysman_Creds” \
-auto_promote=”true” \
-monitoring_template=”Production_DB_Template”

Discovery specification “DB_Auto_Discovery” created successfully

# 2. 创建数据库凭证
$ emcli create_credential_set \
-name=”DB_Sysman_Creds” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-cred_type=”DBCreds” \
-username=”dbsnmp” \
-password=”Dbsnmp123″

Credential set “DB_Sysman_Creds” created successfully

# 3. 执行数据库发现
$ emcli submit_discovery \
-spec_name=”DB_Auto_Discovery”

Discovery job submitted. Job ID: 12346

# 4. 查看数据库发现结果
$ emcli get_discovered_targets \
-job_id=12346

Target Name Target Type Host Status SID
————– —————— ———————- ———– —–
orcl1 oracle_database server1.fgedu.net.cn DISCOVERED orcl1
orcl2 oracle_database server1.fgedu.net.cn DISCOVERED orcl2
orcl3 oracle_database server2.fgedu.net.cn DISCOVERED orcl3
testdb oracle_database server3.fgedu.net.cn DISCOVERED testdb

# 5. 批量提升发现的目标
$ emcli promote_discovered_targets \
-job_id=12346 \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-targets=”orcl1,orcl2,orcl3,testdb”

Targets promoted successfully

# 6. 查看提升状态
$ emcli get_discovered_targets \
-job_id=12346

Target Name Target Type Status
————– —————— ———–
orcl1 oracle_database ADDED
orcl2 oracle_database ADDED
orcl3 oracle_database ADDED
testdb oracle_database ADDED

# 1. 手动添加主机目标
$ emcli add_target \
-name=”server1.fgedu.net.cn” \
-type=”host” \
-host=”server1.fgedu.net.cn” \
-properties=”Platform:Linux;Version:7.8″ \
-credentials=”UserName:oracle;Password:Oracle123″

Target “server1.fgedu.net.cn:host” added successfully

# 2. 手动部署Agent到主机
$ emcli add_target \
-name=”server1.fgedu.net.cn” \
-type=”host” \
-host=”server1.fgedu.net.cn” \
-properties=”AgentDeploymentScript:/opt/oracle/em_agent/addagent.sh”

Agent deployment initiated

# 3. 验证Agent部署
$ ssh oracle@server1.fgedu.net.cn

$ /opt/oracle/em_agent/agent_inst/bin/emctl status agent

Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 13c Release 1
Agent Version : 13.1.0.0.0
OMS Version : 13.1.0.0.0
Agent URL : https://server1.fgedu.net.cn:3872/emd/main/
Agent is Running and Ready

# 4. 手动添加数据库目标
$ emcli add_target \
-name=”orcl1″ \
-type=”oracle_database” \
-host=”server1.fgedu.net.cn” \
-properties=”SID:orcl1;Port:1521;OracleHome:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1″ \
-credentials=”UserName:dbsnmp;Password:Dbsnmp123;Role:Normal”

Target “orcl1:oracle_database” added successfully

# 5. 手动添加监听器目标
$ emcli add_target \
-name=”LISTENER_server1″ \
-type=”oracle_listener” \
-host=”server1.fgedu.net.cn” \
-properties=”ListenerOraDir:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin;Port:1521;OracleHome:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1″
\
-credentials=”UserName:oracle;Password:Oracle123″

Target “LISTENER_server1:oracle_listener” added successfully

# 6. 查看添加的目标
$ emcli get_targets \
-targets=”server1.fgedu.net.cn:host,orcl1:oracle_database,LISTENER_server1:oracle_listener”

Target Name Target Type Status
———————— —————— ——
server1.fgedu.net.cn host Up
orcl1 oracle_database Up
LISTENER_server1 oracle_listener Up

# 1. 手动添加ASM实例
$ emcli add_target \
-name=”+ASM1″ \
-type=”osm_instance” \
-host=”server1.fgedu.net.cn” \
-properties=”OracleHome:/oracle/app/19c/grid;MachineName:server1.fgedu.net.cn” \
-credentials=”UserName:sys;Password:Sys123;Role:SYSASM”

Target “+ASM1:osm_instance” added successfully

# 2. 手动添加Oracle RAC集群
$ emcli add_target \
-name=”rac_cluster” \
-type=”cluster” \
-hosts=”server1.fgedu.net.cn,server2.fgedu.net.cn” \
-properties=”ClusterType:Oracle Clusterware;Version:19.0.0.0″

Target “rac_cluster:cluster” added successfully

# 3. 手动添加RAC数据库
$ emcli add_target \
-name=”racdb” \
-type=”rac_database” \
-cluster_name=”rac_cluster” \
-hosts=”server1.fgedu.net.cn,server2.fgedu.net.cn” \
-properties=”SID:racdb;Port:1521;OracleHome:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1″ \
-credentials=”UserName:dbsnmp;Password:Dbsnmp123;Role:Normal”

Target “racdb:rac_database” added successfully

# 4. 查看RAC集群组件
$ emcli get_targets \
-targets=”rac_cluster:cluster,server1.fgedu.net.cn:host,server2.fgedu.net.cn:host”

Target Name Target Type Status
———————— —————— ——
rac_cluster cluster Up
server1.fgedu.net.cn host Up
server2.fgedu.net.cn host Up

# 5. 添加Data Guard配置
$ emcli add_target \
-name=”racdb_dr” \
-type=”oracle_database” \
-host=”server3.fgedu.net.cn” \
-properties=”SID:racdb;Port:1521;OracleHome:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1″ \
-credentials=”UserName:dbsnmp;Password:Dbsnmp123;Role:Normal”

Target “racdb_dr:oracle_database” added successfully

$ emcli associate_targets \
-source_target=”racdb:rac_database” \
-association_type=”oracle_dataguard_association” \
-target_list=”racdb_dr:oracle_database”

Targets associated successfully

# 1. 创建批量发现脚本
$ cat /software/batch_discovery.sh
#!/bin/bash
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn

# EMCLI登录
emcli login -username=sysman -password=Sysman123

# 同步Repository
emcli sync

# 批量创建发现规范
for env in production test development; do
echo “Creating discovery spec for $env environment…”

case $env in
production)
ip_range=”192.168.1.0/24″
template=”Production_DB_Template”
;;
test)
ip_range=”192.168.2.0/24″
template=”Test_DB_Template”
;;
development)
ip_range=”192.168.3.0/24″
template=”Dev_DB_Template”
;;
esac

emcli create_discovery_spec \
-name=”${env}_Discovery” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-ip_range=”$ip_range” \
-credential_name=”${env}_Creds” \
-auto_promote=”true” \
-monitoring_template=”$template”

emcli submit_discovery -spec_name=”${env}_Discovery”
done

# 等待发现完成
sleep 60

# 查看所有发现结果
emcli get_discovered_targets -job_id=12345
emcli get_discovered_targets -job_id=12346
emcli get_discovered_targets -job_id=12347

echo “Batch discovery completed”

# 2. 执行批量发现
$ chmod +x /software/batch_discovery.sh
$ ./batch_discovery.sh

Login successful
Synchronized
Creating discovery spec for production environment…
Discovery specification “production_Discovery” created successfully
Discovery job submitted. Job ID: 12345
Creating discovery spec for test environment…
Discovery specification “test_Discovery” created successfully
Discovery job submitted. Job ID: 12346
Creating discovery spec for development environment…
Discovery specification “development_Discovery” created successfully
Discovery job submitted. Job ID: 12347
Batch discovery completed

# 1. 配置定期发现调度
$ cat /software/scheduled_discovery.sh
#!/bin/bash
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn

# EMCLI登录
emcli login -username=sysman -password=Sysman123

# 同步Repository
emcli sync

# 检查发现规范是否存在
existing_specs=$(emcli list_discovery_specs -format=”name” 2>/dev/null)

if [[ “$existing_specs” == *”Daily_Discovery”* ]]; then
echo “Updating existing Daily_Discovery spec…”
emcli modify_discovery_spec \
-name=”Daily_Discovery” \
-schedule=”DAILY” \
-start_time=”02:00″
else
echo “Creating new Daily_Discovery spec…”
emcli create_discovery_spec \
-name=”Daily_Discovery” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-ip_range=”192.168.0.0/16″ \
-credential_name=”Auto_Discovery_Creds” \
-auto_promote=”false” \
-schedule=”DAILY” \
-start_time=”02:00″
fi

# 执行发现
emcli submit_discovery -spec_name=”Daily_Discovery”

# 获取发现结果
job_id=$(emcli list_discovery_jobs -last 1 -format=”id”)
emcli get_discovered_targets -job_id=”$job_id”

# 提升新发现的目标
emcli promote_discovered_targets \
-job_id=”$job_id” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-apply_template=”Auto_Discovery_Template”

echo “Daily discovery completed at $(date)”

# 2. 添加到crontab
$ crontab -e

# 每天凌晨2点执行发现
0 2 * * * /software/scheduled_discovery.sh >> /var/log/emcc_discovery.log 2>&1

# 3. 创建发现监控报表
$ emcli create_report_definition \
-name=”Daily_Discovery_Report” \
-report_type=”DISCOVERY” \
-schedule=”DAILY” \
-email=”dba-team@fgedu.net.cn” \
-include_new_targets=”true” \
-include_removed_targets=”true”

Report definition created successfully

# 4. 查看发现历史
$ emcli list_discovery_jobs

Job ID Specification Name Start Time End Time Status
——- ——————— ———————– ———————– ——–
12350 Daily_Discovery 2026-03-31 02:00:00 2026-03-31 02:15:00 SUCCESS
12349 Daily_Discovery 2026-03-30 02:00:00 2026-03-30 02:18:00 SUCCESS
12348 Daily_Discovery 2026-03-29 02:00:00 2026-03-29 02:12:00 SUCCESS

# 项目背景
– 环境规模：500+主机，800+ Oracle数据库
– 环境类型：生产、测试、开发、灾备
– 网络架构：多个数据中心，VLAN隔离
– 发现目标：快速完成所有目标发现

# 发现实施步骤

# 1. 发现前准备（1周）
# 盘点现有环境
$ cat /tmp/environment_inventory.csv
Environment,HostCount,DBCount,Network,VLAN
Production,200,300,10.0.0.0/16,100
Test,100,200,10.1.0.0/16,200
Development,150,250,10.2.0.0/16,300
DR,50,50,10.3.0.0/16,400

# 创建凭证组
for env in Production Test Development DR; do
emcli create_credential_set \
-name=”${env}_Creds” \
-target_type=”host” \
-cred_type=”HostCreds” \
-username=”oracle” \
-password=”${env}Oracle123″
done

# 2. 分批发现实施（2周）
# 批次1：生产环境
$ cat /software/discovery_batch1.sh
#!/bin/bash
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
emcli login -username=sysman -password=Sysman123
emcli sync

# 创建生产环境发现规范
emcli create_discovery_spec \
-name=”Production_Discovery” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-ip_range=”10.0.0.0/16″ \
-credential_name=”Production_Creds” \
-auto_promote=”false” \
-monitoring_template=”Production_DB_Template”

# 提交发现任务
emcli submit_discovery -spec_name=”Production_Discovery”

# 批次2：测试环境
$ cat /software/discovery_batch2.sh
#!/bin/bash
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
emcli create_discovery_spec \
-name=”Test_Discovery” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-ip_range=”10.1.0.0/16″ \
-credential_name=”Test_Creds” \
-auto_promote=”false” \
-monitoring_template=”Test_DB_Template”

emcli submit_discovery -spec_name=”Test_Discovery”

# 3. 批量提升和配置
$ cat /software/promote_and_configure.sh
#!/bin/bash
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn

# 提升发现的目标
emcli promote_discovered_targets \
-job_id=12345 \
-target_type=”oracle_database”

# 应用监控模板
for template in Production_DB_Template Test_DB_Template Dev_DB_Template; do
emcli apply_monitoring_template \
-name=”$template” \
-group=”${template}_Group”
done

# 配置告警
emcli apply_notification_rule \
-rule_name=”Critical_Alert_Rule” \
-group=”Production_DB_Group”

echo “Targets promoted and configured”

# 4. 发现结果统计
$ emcli get_targets -format=”csv” > /tmp/all_targets.csv

$ cat /tmp/discovery_summary.sh
#!/bin/bash
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn

echo “=== EMCC Target Discovery Summary ===”
echo “”
echo “Total Hosts:”
emcli get_targets -target_type=”host” | wc -l

echo “Total Databases:”
emcli get_targets -target_type=”oracle_database” | wc -l

echo “Total Listeners:”
emcli get_targets -target_type=”oracle_listener” | wc -l

echo “Total ASM Instances:”
emcli get_targets -target_type=”osm_instance” | wc -l

echo “Total RAC Clusters:”
emcli get_targets -target_type=”cluster” | wc -l

echo “”
echo “=== By Environment ===”
for env in Production Test Development DR; do
echo “$env Hosts:”
emcli get_targets -target_type=”host” -group=”${env}_Group” | wc -l
echo “$env Databases:”
emcli get_targets -target_type=”oracle_database” -group=”${env}_Group” | wc -l
done

# 执行统计
$ ./discovery_summary.sh

=== EMCC Target Discovery Summary ===

Total Hosts: 505
Total Databases: 810
Total Listeners: 505
Total ASM Instances: 120
Total RAC Clusters: 45

=== By Environment ===
Production Hosts: 205
Production Databases: 305
Test Hosts: 102
Test Databases: 205
Development Hosts: 153
Development Databases: 255
DR Hosts: 45
DR Databases: 45

# 发现结果
# – 成功发现505台主机
# – 成功发现810个数据库
# – 发现覆盖率100%
# – 发现耗时：5天
# – 配置效率提升80%

# 故障1：发现任务无响应
# 症状：提交发现任务后长时间无结果

# 诊断步骤
$ emcli get_discovery_job_status -job_id=12345

Job ID : 12345
Status : RUNNING
Progress : 0%
Start Time: 2026-03-31 10:00:00
End Time : (none)

# 查看OMS日志
$ tail -f $OMS_HOME/emcc/oms/logs/gc_discovery.log

# 检查Agent状态
$ emctl status agent

# 解决方案
# 1. 取消无响应的任务
$ emcli cancel_discovery_job -job_id=12345

Job cancelled successfully

# 2. 检查网络连通性
$ ping -c 5 target-server.fgedu.net.cn

# 3. 重新提交发现任务
$ emcli submit_discovery -spec_name=”Discovery_Spec”

# 故障2：凭证认证失败
# 症状：发现目标时提示认证失败

# 诊断步骤
$ emcli get_discovered_targets -job_id=12346

Target Name Target Type Status Error
————– ————– —————— ——————————–
server1 host CREDENTIAL_FAILED Authentication failed

# 测试凭证
$ emcli test_credential \
-credential_name=”Unix_SSH_Creds” \
-target_name=”server1.fgedu.net.cn” \
-target_type=”host”

Credential Test Result: FAILED
Error: Authentication failed

# 解决方案
# 1. 更新凭证
$ emcli modify_credential_set \
-name=”Unix_SSH_Creds” \
-username=”oracle” \
-password=”NewOracle123″

# 2. 重新测试凭证
$ emcli test_credential \
-credential_name=”Unix_SSH_Creds” \
-target_name=”server1.fgedu.net.cn” \
-target_type=”host”

Credential Test Result: SUCCESS

# 3. 重新发现
$ emcli submit_discovery -spec_name=”Discovery_Spec”

# 故障3：目标已存在
# 症状：提升目标时提示目标已存在

# 诊断步骤
$ emcli promote_discovered_targets \
-job_id=12347 \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-targets=”orcl1″

ERROR: Target “orcl1:oracle_database” already exists

# 检查现有目标
$ emcli get_targets -targets=”orcl1:oracle_database”

Target Name Target Type Status Discovered By
————– —————— ——– —————
orcl1 oracle_database Up Manual

# 解决方案
# 1. 跳过已存在的目标
$ emcli promote_discovered_targets \
-job_id=12347 \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-targets=”orcl1,orcl2,orcl3″ \
-skip_existing=”true”

# 2. 或删除旧目标后重新发现
$ emcli delete_target \
-name=”orcl1″ \
-type=”oracle_database”

Target deleted successfully

$ emcli promote_discovered_targets \
-job_id=12347 \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-targets=”orcl1″

Target promoted successfully

# 故障4：Agent部署失败
# 症状：自动部署Agent失败

# 诊断步骤
$ emcli get_agent_deployment_status -job_id=12348

Job ID : 12348
Target : server1.fgedu.net.cn
Status : FAILED
Error : Unable to connect to target host

# 检查Agent部署日志
$ ssh oracle@server1.fgedu.net.cn
$ cat /tmp/agentDeploy.log

# 解决方案
# 1. 手动部署Agent
$ ssh oracle@server1.fgedu.net.cn
$ mkdir -p /opt/oracle/agent
$ cd /opt/oracle/agent
$ scp oracle@oms-server:/oracle/app/oracle/middleware/sysman/agent_install/13.1.0.0.0_AgentCore.zip .
$ unzip 13.1.0.0.0_AgentCore.zip
$ ./agentDeploy.sh AGENT_BASE_DIR=/opt/oracle/agent \
OMS_HOST=oms-server.fgedu.net.cn \
EM_UPLOAD_PORT=4900 \
AGENT_REGISTRATION_PASSWORD=AgentReg123

# 2. 验证Agent
$ /opt/oracle/agent/agent_inst/bin/emctl status agent

# 优化1：并行发现
# 创建多个发现规范并行执行

$ for i in {1..5}; do
emcli create_discovery_spec \
-name=”Parallel_Discovery_${i}” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-ip_range=”10.0.${i}.0/24″ \
-credential_name=”Production_Creds” \
-auto_promote=”false”

emcli submit_discovery -spec_name=”Parallel_Discovery_${i}” &
done

wait

# 优化2：发现频率优化
# 调整发现任务并发数

$ emcli set_discovery_property \
-name=”max_concurrent_discovery_jobs” \
-value=”10″

# 优化3：凭证缓存
# 启用凭证缓存减少认证开销

$ emcli set_discovery_property \
-name=”credential_cache_enabled” \
-value=”true”

$ emcli set_discovery_property \
-name=”credential_cache_ttl” \
-value=”3600″

# 优化4：发现结果过滤
# 过滤不需要的目标

$ emcli create_discovery_spec \
-name=”Filtered_Discovery” \
-target_type=”oracle_database” \
-ip_range=”10.0.0.0/16″ \
-credential_name=”Production_Creds” \
-filter_expression=”version >= ‘19.0.0.0’” \
-auto_promote=”false”

# 优化5：发现性能监控
# 创建发现性能监控脚本

$ cat /software/monitor_discovery.sh
#!/bin/bash
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn

# 获取最近发现任务
jobs=$(emcli list_discovery_jobs -last 10 -format=”csv”)

# 分析发现性能
echo “=== Discovery Performance Analysis ===”
echo “”
echo “Average Discovery Time:”
echo “$jobs” | awk -F’,’ ‘{sum+=$4-$3; count++} END {print sum/count ” seconds”}’

echo “”
echo “Targets Discovered per Hour:”
echo “$jobs” | awk -F’,’ ‘{targets+=$5; time+=$4-$3} END {print targets/(time/3600) ” targets/hour”}’

echo “”
echo “Failed Jobs:”
echo “$jobs” | awk -F’,’ ‘$6==”FAILED” {count++} END {print count}’

# 添加到crontab
$ crontab -e
0 */4 * * * /software/monitor_discovery.sh >> /var/log/discovery_perf.log