# 步骤1：制定备份计划
# 每日：RMAN增量备份 + 归档日志备份
# 每周：RMAN全备份 + 数据泵全导出
# 每月：RMAN全备份 + 数据泵全导出 + 关键表单独导出

# 步骤2：创建RMAN备份脚本
$ cat > rman_daily_backup.sh << 'EOF' #!/bin/bash ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_SID=orcl PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LOG_FILE=/u01/app/oracle/admin/fgedudb/rman/logs/rman_daily_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d).log mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/fgedudb/rman/logs $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / << EOF2 > $LOG_FILE
run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk;allocate channel c2 device type disk;backup incremental level 1 database plus archivelog delete input;release channel c1;release channel c2;}
EOF2
EOF

# 步骤3：创建数据泵导出脚本
$ cat > datapump_weekly_export.sh << 'EOF' #!/bin/bash ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_SID=orcl PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LOG_FILE=/u01/app/oracle/admin/fgedudb/dpump/logs/datapump_weekly_export_$(date +%Y%m%d).log mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/fgedudb/dpump/logs $ORACLE_HOME/bin/expdp system/password@orcl full=y directory=dpump_dir dumpfile=weekly_full_export_$(date +%Y%m%d).dmp logfile=$LOG_FILE compression=all EOF # 步骤4：设置脚本执行权限 $ chmod +x rman_daily_backup.sh datapump_weekly_export.sh # 步骤5：使用crontab调度备份 $ crontab -e # 每天凌晨2点执行RMAN增量备份 0 2 * * * /u01/app/oracle/scripts/rman_daily_backup.sh # 每周日凌晨4点执行数据泵全导出 0 4 * * 0 /u01/app/oracle/scripts/datapump_weekly_export.sh # 步骤6：监控备份执行情况 # 查看RMAN备份状态 SQL> select start_time, end_time, status from v$rman_backup_job_details order by start_time desc;# 查看数据泵导出日志
$ tail -f /u01/app/oracle/admin/fgedudb/dpump/logs/datapump_weekly_export_*.log

# 场景1：完整数据库恢复（使用RMAN）
$ rman target /RMAN> run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk;allocate channel c2 device type disk;restore database;recover database;release channel c1;release channel c2;}
RMAN> alter database open;# 场景2：表级恢复（使用数据泵）
# 步骤1：确定需要恢复的表
# 步骤2：使用数据泵导入表
$ impdp system/password@orcl tables=hr.employees directory=dpump_dir dumpfile=tables_export.dmp logfile=table_restore.log

# 场景3：表级恢复（使用RMAN和数据泵结合）
# 步骤1：使用RMAN恢复到指定时间点
$ rman target /RMAN> run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk;restore database until time ‘2023-10-01 12:00:00’;recover database until time ‘2023-10-01 12:00:00’;release channel c1;}
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;# 步骤2：使用数据泵导出需要的表
$ expdp system/password@orcl tables=hr.employees directory=dpump_dir dumpfile=recovered_table.dmp logfile=expdp_recover.log

# 步骤3：将表导入到生产数据库
$ impdp system/password@orcl tables=hr.employees directory=dpump_dir dumpfile=recovered_table.dmp logfile=impdp_recover.log

# 场景4：跨版本数据库迁移（使用数据泵）
# 步骤1：在源数据库执行数据泵导出
$ expdp system/password@source_db full=y directory=dpump_dir dumpfile=full_export.dmp logfile=expdp_migrate.log version=19.0

# 步骤2：将导出文件复制到目标数据库
$ scp /u01/app/oracle/dpump/full_export.dmp oracle@target_server:/u01/app/oracle/dpump/# 步骤3：在目标数据库创建表空间和用户
SQL> create tablespace users datafile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/target_db/users01.dbf’ size 100M autoextend on;SQL> create user hr identified by password default tablespace users;SQL> grant connect, resource to hr;# 步骤4：在目标数据库执行数据泵导入
$ impdp system/password@target_db full=y directory=dpump_dir dumpfile=full_export.dmp logfile=impdp_migrate.log

# 步骤1：在源数据库执行RMAN全备份
$ rman target /RMAN> backup as compressed backupset database plus archivelog delete input;# 步骤2：将RMAN备份文件复制到新服务器
$ scp /u01/app/oracle/backup/* oracle@new_server:/u01/app/oracle/backup/# 步骤3：在新服务器安装Oracle软件
# 省略安装步骤

# 步骤4：在新服务器使用RMAN恢复数据库
$ rman target /RMAN> run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk;allocate channel c2 device type disk;restore database;recover database;release channel c1;release channel c2;}
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;# 步骤5：使用数据泵导出特定schema
$ expdp system/password@source_db schemas=hr,scott directory=dpump_dir dumpfile=schemas_export.dmp logfile=expdp_schema.log

# 步骤6：将数据泵导出文件复制到新服务器
$ scp /u01/app/oracle/dpump/schemas_export.dmp oracle@new_server:/u01/app/oracle/dpump/# 步骤7：在新服务器使用数据泵导入schema
$ impdp system/password@new_server schemas=hr,scott directory=dpump_dir dumpfile=schemas_export.dmp logfile=impdp_schema.log

# 步骤8：验证迁移结果
SQL> select count(*) from hr.employees;SQL> select count(*) from scott.emp;

# 步骤1：确定数据删除时间
# 假设数据在2023-10-01 10:00:00被删除

# 步骤2：使用RMAN恢复到删除前的时间点
$ rman target /RMAN> run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk;restore database until time ‘2023-10-01 09:59:59’;recover database until time ‘2023-10-01 09:59:59’;release channel c1;}
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;# 步骤3：使用数据泵导出hr.employees表
$ expdp system/password@orcl tables=hr.employees directory=dpump_dir dumpfile=employees.dmp logfile=expdp_employees.log

# 步骤4：关闭临时数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate;# 步骤5：启动生产数据库
SQL> startup;# 步骤6：使用数据泵导入hr.employees表
$ impdp system/password@orcl tables=hr.employees directory=dpump_dir dumpfile=employees.dmp logfile=impdp_employees.log table_exists_action=replace

# 步骤7：验证恢复结果
SQL> select count(*) from hr.employees;SQL> select * from hr.employees where employee_id = 100;

# 步骤1：在源数据库（11g）执行数据泵导出
$ expdp system/password@source_db full=y directory=dpump_dir dumpfile=full_export.dmp logfile=expdp_upgrade.log version=19.0

# 步骤2：将导出文件复制到目标服务器（19c）
$ scp /u01/app/oracle/dpump/full_export.dmp oracle@target_server:/u01/app/oracle/dpump/# 步骤3：在目标服务器（19c）创建数据库
# 省略数据库创建步骤

# 步骤4：在目标数据库创建表空间和用户
SQL> create tablespace users datafile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/target_db/users01.dbf’ size 100M autoextend on;SQL> create user hr identified by password default tablespace users;SQL> grant connect, resource to hr;# 步骤5：在目标数据库执行数据泵导入
$ impdp system/password@target_db full=y directory=dpump_dir dumpfile=full_export.dmp logfile=impdp_upgrade.log

# 步骤6：使用RMAN在目标数据库创建备份
$ rman target /RMAN> backup as compressed backupset database plus archivelog delete input;# 步骤7：验证升级结果
SQL> select * from v$version;SQL> select count(*) from hr.employees;