# 示例：检查数据库状态
SQL> SELECT name, open_mode FROM v$database;

NAME OPEN_MODE
——— ——————–
ORCL READ WRITE

SQL> SELECT name, open_mode FROM v$pdbs;

NAME OPEN_MODE
——— ——————–
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PDB1 READ WRITE
PDB2 READ WRITE

# 示例：检查备份状态
SQL> SELECT * FROM v$rman_backup_job_details ORDER BY start_time DESC;

SESSION_KEY CMD_ID CPD_KEY START_TIME END_TIME OUTPUT_DEVICE_TYPE STATUS
———— ————— ———- ——————- ——————- ——————– ———-
123 1234567890abcdef 0 2026-04-05 00:00:00 2026-04-05 00:15:00 DISK COMPLETED
122 1234567890abcdee 0 2026-04-04 00:00:00 2026-04-04 00:15:00 DISK COMPLETED

# 示例：检查空间使用情况
SQL> SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 AS used_gb,
SUM(maxbytes)/1024/1024/1024 AS max_gb
FROM dba_data_files
GROUP BY tablespace_name;

TABLESPACE_NAME USED_GB MAX_GB
—————————— ———- ———-
SYSTEM 1.2345 10.0000
SYSAUX 2.3456 20.0000
UNDOTBS1 0.5678 10.0000
USERS 0.1234 5.0000

# 示例：监控性能
SQL> SELECT * FROM v$system_wait_class ORDER BY wait_time DESC;

CLASS_ID CLASS_NAME WAIT_COUNT WAIT_TIME TIME_WAITED_MICRO
——– ——————– ———- ———- ——————
10 User I/O 12345 67890 67890000
20 System I/O 9876 45678 45678000
30 Concurrency 5432 23456 23456000

# 示例：检查告警
SQL> SELECT * FROM dba_outstanding_alerts;

SEQUENCE_ID OWNER_NAME OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE MESSAGE_TEXT
———– ———- ———– ——————– —————————————-
1 SYS USERS TABLESPACE Tablespace USERS is 90% full

# 示例：检查日志文件
SQL> SELECT member FROM v$logfile;

MEMBER
—————————————-
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo01.log
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo02.log
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo03.log

# 示例：备份验证
$ rman target /

RMAN> VALIDATE BACKUPSET;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=123 device type=DISK

List of Backup Sets
==================

BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
——- ———- ———– ———— ——————
123 1.2G DISK 00:15:00 2026-04-05 00:15:00
Backup set status: AVAILABLE
Backup set validation completed
Files in backup set:
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
—- — —- ———- —————— —-
1 Full 1234567890 2026-04-05 00:00:00 /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
2 Full 1234567890 2026-04-05 00:00:00 /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
3 Full 1234567890 2026-04-05 00:00:00 /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
4 Full 1234567890 2026-04-05 00:00:00 /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf

# 示例：统计信息收集
SQL> EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_DATABASE_STATS;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

# 示例：日志清理
$ find /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/fgedudb/ORCL/trace -name “*.trc” -mtime +7 -delete
$ find /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/fgedudb/ORCL/alert -name “*.log” -mtime +30 -delete

# 示例：安全检查
SQL> SELECT * FROM dba_audit_trail WHERE action_name = ‘LOGON’ AND returncode != 0;

AUDIT_TRAIL OS_USERNAME USERNAME USERHOST TIMESTAMP ACTION_NAME
———— ———— ———- ————— ——————- ————
DB oracle SYS localhost 2026-04-05 10:00:00 LOGON

# 示例：性能报告分析
$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/awrrpt.sql

Specify the Report Type
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Enter value for report_type: html

Specify the Number of Days of Past Snapshots to Choose From
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Enter value for num_days: 7

Specify the Begin and End Snapshot Ids
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Enter value for begin_snap: 100
Enter value for end_snap: 110

Specify the Report Name
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Enter value for report_name: /oracle/app/oracle/awr_report.html

Report written to /oracle/app/oracle/awr_report.html

# 示例：性能调优
SQL> EXEC DBMS_SQLTUNE.ANALYZE_SQL_SET(‘SQL_SET_NAME’);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

# 示例：安全审计
SQL> SELECT * FROM dba_audit_policies;

POLICY_NAME POLICY_TEXT ENABLED
————– ————————— ——–
AUDIT_POLICY AUDIT SELECT ON SYS.USERS YES

# 示例：补丁检查
$ opatch lsinventory

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.39
Copyright (c) 2026, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Oracle Home : /oracle/app/oracle/product/26.1.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /oracle/app/oraInventory
from : /oracle/app/oracle/product/26.1.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 12.2.0.1.39
OUI version : 12.2.0.1.40
Log file location : /oracle/app/oracle/product/26.1.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2026-04-05_10-00-00AM_1.log

Lsinventory Output file location : /oracle/app/oracle/product/26.1.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2026-04-05_10-00-00AM.txt

——————————————————————————–
Local Machine Information:
Hostname: oracle-server
ARU platform id: 226
ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64

Installed Top-level Products (1):

Oracle Database 26ai 26.1.0.0.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.

Interim patches (1):

Patch 35678901 : applied on Mon Apr 01 10:00:00 2026
Unique Patch ID: 12345678
Patch description: “Oracle Database 26ai Release Update 1”
Created on 1 Feb 2026, 00:00:00 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed: 12345678, 23456789, 34567890

# 示例：容量规划
SQL> SELECT tablespace_name,
SUM(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 AS current_gb,
SUM(maxbytes)/1024/1024/1024 AS max_gb,
(SUM(bytes)/SUM(maxbytes))*100 AS used_percent
FROM dba_data_files
GROUP BY tablespace_name;

TABLESPACE_NAME CURRENT_GB MAX_GB USED_PERCENT
—————————— ———- ———- ————
SYSTEM 1.2345 10.0000 12.35
SYSAUX 2.3456 20.0000 11.73
UNDOTBS1 0.5678 10.0000 5.68
USERS 0.1234 5.0000 2.47

# 示例：健康检查
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/dbms_health.sql

DBMS Health Check Report
========================

Database: ORCL
Instance: ORCL
Host: oracle-server

Check Results:
————–

Check Name Status Details
—————————- ——- —————————————-
Database Up Time PASS Database has been up for 7 days
Tablespace Status PASS All tablespaces are online
Redo Log Status PASS All redo logs are functional
Archive Log Status PASS Archive log mode is enabled
Backup Status PASS Last backup was taken within 24 hours
Space Usage PASS All tablespaces have sufficient space
Security Status PASS No security issues detected
Performance Status PASS No performance issues detected