# 步骤1：查看所有服务
$ systemctl list-unit-files –type=service | head -20
UNIT FILE STATE
autovt@.service disabled
auditd.service enabled
chronyd.service enabled
crond.service enabled
dbus.service static
dm-event.service static
dmraid-activation.service static
dnf-makecache.service static
dnf-systemd.timer disabled
firewalld.service enabled
getty@.service enabled
initrd-cleanup.service static
initrd-parse-etc.service static
initrd-switch-root.service static
iprd.service static
kdump.service disabled

# 步骤2：查看运行中的服务
$ systemctl list-units –type=service –state=running
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION
auditd.service loaded active running Security Auditing Service
chronyd.service loaded active running NTP client/server
crond.service loaded active running Command Scheduler
dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus
firewalld.service loaded active running firewalld – dynamic firewall daemon
getty@tty1.service loaded active running Getty on tty1
NetworkManager.service loaded active running Network Manager
sshd.service loaded active running OpenSSH server daemon
systemd-journald.service loaded active running Journal Service
systemd-logind.service loaded active running User Login Management
systemd-udevd.service loaded active running Rule-based Manager for Device Events and Files

# 步骤3：查看服务状态
$ sudo systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service – OpenSSH server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2026-04-02 10:00:00 CST; 1h ago
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
Main PID: 1234 (sshd)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 4915)
Memory: 5.2M
CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
└─1234 /usr/sbin/sshd -D

# 步骤4：启动服务
$ sudo systemctl start nginx
$ sudo systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service – The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2026-04-02 10:00:00 CST; 10s ago
Docs: man:nginx(8)
http://nginx.org/en/docs/
Main PID: 1235 (nginx)
Tasks: 3 (limit: 4915)
Memory: 3.5M
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─1235 “nginx: master process”
├─1236 “nginx: worker process”
└─1237 “nginx: worker process”

# 步骤5：停止服务
$ sudo systemctl stop nginx
$ sudo systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service – The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Wed 2026-04-02 10:00:00 CST; 10s ago
Docs: man:nginx(8)
http://nginx.org/en/docs/

# 步骤6：重启服务
$ sudo systemctl restart sshd
$ sudo systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service – OpenSSH server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2026-04-02 10:00:00 CST; 5s ago
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
Main PID: 1238 (sshd)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 4915)
Memory: 5.2M
CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
└─1238 /usr/sbin/sshd -D

# 步骤7：重载服务配置
$ sudo systemctl reload nginx
$ sudo systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service – The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2026-04-02 10:00:00 CST; 1h ago
Docs: man:nginx(8)
http://nginx.org/en/docs/
Main PID: 1235 (nginx)
Tasks: 3 (limit: 4915)
Memory: 3.5M
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─1235 “nginx: master process”
├─1236 “nginx: worker process”
└─1237 “nginx: worker process”

# 步骤1：启用服务自动启动
$ sudo systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.

# 步骤2：查看服务启动状态
$ systemctl is-enabled nginx
enabled

# 步骤3：禁用服务自动启动
$ sudo systemctl disable nginx
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service.

# 步骤4：查看服务启动状态
$ systemctl is-enabled nginx
disabled

# 步骤5：启用并启动服务
$ sudo systemctl enable –now nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.

# 步骤6：禁用并停止服务
$ sudo systemctl disable –now nginx
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service.

# 步骤7：查看所有启用的服务
$ systemctl list-unit-files –type=service | grep enabled
auditd.service enabled
chronyd.service enabled
crond.service enabled
dbus.service static
firewalld.service enabled
getty@.service enabled
NetworkManager.service enabled
sshd.service enabled
systemd-journald.service static
systemd-logind.service static
systemd-udevd.service static

# 步骤1：查看服务依赖
$ systemctl show nginx | grep -i requires
Requires=network-online.target
Wants=system.slice

# 步骤2：查看服务被依赖情况
$ systemctl show nginx | grep -i wanted
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# 步骤3：查看服务启动顺序
$ systemctl list-dependencies nginx
nginx.service
● ├─network-online.target
│ └─NetworkManager-wait-online.service
└─system.slice

# 步骤4：查看目标依赖
$ systemctl list-dependencies multi-user.target
multi-user.target
● ├─auditd.service
● ├─chronyd.service
● ├─crond.service
● ├─firewalld.service
● ├─NetworkManager.service
● ├─sshd.service
● ├─systemd-logind.service
● └─systemd-udevd.service

# 步骤5：创建自定义服务
$ sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/fgedu-app.service
[Unit]
Description=FGEdu Application Service
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=fgedu
Group=fgedu
WorkingDirectory=/fgedu/app
ExecStart=/usr/bin/python3 /fgedu/app/app.py
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# 步骤6：重载systemd配置
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload

# 步骤7：启动自定义服务
$ sudo systemctl start fgedu-app
$ sudo systemctl status fgedu-app
● fgedu-app.service – FGEdu Application Service
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/fgedu-app.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2026-04-02 10:00:00 CST; 10s ago
Main PID: 1239 (python3)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 4915)
Memory: 15.2M
CGroup: /system.slice/fgedu-app.service
└─1239 /usr/bin/python3 /fgedu/app/app.py

# 步骤8：启用自定义服务
$ sudo systemctl enable fgedu-app
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/fgedu-app.service → /etc/systemd/system/fgedu-app.service.

#!/bin/bash
# service_monitor.sh
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn

# 服务列表
SERVICES=(
“sshd”
“nginx”
“mariadb”
“redis”
“fgedu-app”
)

# 检查服务状态
echo “=== Service Status ===”
for SERVICE in “${SERVICES[@]}”; do
if systemctl is-active –quiet “$SERVICE”; then
echo “OK: $SERVICE is running”
else
echo “ERROR: $SERVICE is not running”

# 尝试启动服务
echo “Attempting to start $SERVICE…”
sudo systemctl start “$SERVICE”

if systemctl is-active –quiet “$SERVICE”; then
echo “OK: $SERVICE started successfully”
else
echo “ERROR: Failed to start $SERVICE”
fi
fi
done

# 查看服务详细信息
echo “”
echo “=== Service Details ===”
for SERVICE in “${SERVICES[@]}”; do
echo “”
echo “=== $SERVICE ===”
systemctl status “$SERVICE” –no-pager | head -15
done

# 执行脚本
$ chmod +x service_monitor.sh
$ ./service_monitor.sh
=== Service Status ===
OK: sshd is running
OK: nginx is running
OK: mariadb is running
OK: redis is running
OK: fgedu-app is running

=== Service Details ===

=== sshd ===
● sshd.service – OpenSSH server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2026-04-02 10:00:00 CST; 1h ago
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
Main PID: 1234 (sshd)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 4915)
Memory: 5.2M
CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
└─1234 /usr/sbin/sshd -D

=== nginx ===
● nginx.service – The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2026-04-02 10:00:00 CST; 1h ago
Docs: man:nginx(8)
http://nginx.org/en/docs/
Main PID: 1235 (nginx)
Tasks: 3 (limit: 4915)
Memory: 3.5M
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─1235 “nginx: master process”
├─1236 “nginx: worker process”
└─1237 “nginx: worker process”

#!/bin/bash
# service_optimize.sh
# from:www.itpux.com.qq113257174.wx:itpux-com
# web: http://www.fgedu.net.cn

# 禁用不必要的服务
echo “Disabling unnecessary services…”
UNNECESSARY_SERVICES=(
“bluetooth.service”
“cups.service”
“avahi-daemon.service”
)

for SERVICE in “${UNNECESSARY_SERVICES[@]}”; do
if systemctl is-active –quiet “$SERVICE”; then
echo “Stopping $SERVICE…”
sudo systemctl stop “$SERVICE”
sudo systemctl disable “$SERVICE”
echo “OK: $SERVICE stopped and disabled”
else
echo “INFO: $SERVICE is not running”
fi
done

# 优化服务启动顺序
echo “”
echo “Optimizing service startup order…”
# 确保网络服务在应用服务之前启动
sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target

# 配置服务资源限制
echo “”
echo “Configuring service resource limits…”
# 配置nginx服务资源限制
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d
sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d/override.conf << 'EOF' [Service] LimitNOFILE=65535 LimitNPROC=4096 MemoryMax=512M EOF # 重载systemd配置 sudo systemctl daemon-reload # 重启nginx服务 echo "Restarting nginx service..." sudo systemctl restart nginx # 查看nginx服务状态 echo "" echo "=== Nginx Service Status ===" sudo systemctl status nginx # 查看系统启动时间 echo "" echo "=== System Boot Time ===" systemd-analyze systemd-analyze blame | head -10 # 执行脚本 $ chmod +x service_optimize.sh $ ./service_optimize.sh Disabling unnecessary services... INFO: bluetooth.service is not running INFO: cups.service is not running INFO: avahi-daemon.service is not running Optimizing service startup order... Configuring service resource limits... Restarting nginx service... === Nginx Service Status === ● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d/override.conf Active: active (running) since Wed 2026-04-02 10:00:00 CST; 10s ago Docs: man:nginx(8) http://nginx.org/en/docs/ Main PID: 1240 (nginx) Tasks: 3 (limit: 4915) Memory: 3.5M CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service ├─1240 "nginx: master process" ├─1241 "nginx: worker process" └─1242 "nginx: worker process" === System Boot Time === Startup finished in 2.345s (kernel) + 15.678s (userspace) = 18.023s multi-user.target 15.678s network.target 12.345s remote-fs.target 5.678s sysinit.target 3.456s basic.target 2.345s