Apr 06 11:00:00 fgedu.net.cn systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server…
Apr 06 11:00:00 fgedu.net.cn httpd[12345]: AH00526: Syntax error on line 100 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:
Apr 06 11:00:00 fgedu.net.cn httpd[12345]: Invalid command ‘Require’, perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration
Apr 06 11:00:00 fgedu.net.cn systemd[1]: httpd.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
Apr 06 11:00:00 fgedu.net.cn systemd[1]: httpd.service: Failed with result ‘exit-code’.
Apr 06 11:00:00 fgedu.net.cn systemd[1]: Failed to start The Apache HTTP Server.

# 检查Apache配置文件
$ sudo apachectl configtest
AH00526: Syntax error on line 100 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:
Invalid command ‘Require’, perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration

# 检查模块加载情况
$ sudo grep -E “LoadModule authz_core” /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/*.conf

# 发现缺少authz_core模块加载
$ sudo vim /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-base.conf

# 添加以下内容
LoadModule authz_core_module modules/mod_authz_core.so

# 保存退出
:wq

# 再次检查配置
$ sudo apachectl configtest
Syntax OK

# 启动Apache服务
$ sudo systemctl start httpd

# 验证服务状态
$ systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service – The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2026-04-06 11:05:00 CST; 1min ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
Main PID: 12346 (httpd)
Status: “Running, listening on: port 80”
Tasks: 21 (limit: 4915)
Memory: 23.4M
CPU: 0.123s
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─12346 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─12347 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─12348 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
└─12349 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

# 查看MySQL服务状态
$ systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service – MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Wed 2026-04-06 11:30:00 CST; 5min ago
Process: 12345 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Apr 06 11:30:00 fgedu.net.cn systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server…
Apr 06 11:30:00 fgedu.net.cn mysqld_pre_systemd[12345]: Got error: 1045: Access denied for user ‘root’@’localhost’ (using password: NO) when trying to connect
Apr 06 11:30:00 fgedu.net.cn systemd[1]: mysqld.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
Apr 06 11:30:00 fgedu.net.cn systemd[1]: mysqld.service: Failed with result ‘exit-code’.
Apr 06 11:30:00 fgedu.net.cn systemd[1]: Failed to start MySQL Server.

# 检查MySQL错误日志
$ sudo journalctl -u mysqld

# 查看MySQL配置文件
$ sudo cat /etc/my.cnf

# 发现配置文件中使用了旧的密码验证插件
$ sudo vim /etc/my.cnf

# 修改配置文件，使用新的密码验证插件
[mysqld]
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password

# 保存退出
:wq

# 重置MySQL root密码
$ sudo mysqld –initialize –user=mysql

# 查看临时密码
$ sudo grep ‘temporary password’ /var/log/mysqld.log
2026-04-06T11:35:00.000000Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: AbCdEfGhIjKlMnOp

# 启动MySQL服务
$ sudo systemctl start mysqld

# 登录MySQL并修改密码
$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password: AbCdEfGhIjKlMnOp

mysql> ALTER USER ‘root’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘NewPassword123!’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit

# 验证MySQL服务状态
$ systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service – MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2026-04-06 11:40:00 CST; 1min ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Main PID: 12346 (mysqld)
Status: “Server is operational”
Tasks: 38 (limit: 4915)
Memory: 300.4M
CPU: 1.234s
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─12346 /usr/sbin/mysqld

# 查看网络接口状态
$ ip link show
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:11:22:33:44:55 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

# 查看网络连接
$ nmcli con show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
eth0 12345678-1234-1234-1234-1234567890ab ethernet eth0

# 测试网络连接
$ ping -c 3 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=1 ttl=118 time=12.3 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=2 ttl=118 time=11.9 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=3 ttl=118 time=12.1 ms

— 8.8.8.8 ping statistics —
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 11.932/12.114/12.308/0.168 ms

# 查看DNS配置
$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

# 测试DNS解析
$ nslookup www.fgedu.net.cn
Server: 8.8.8.8
Address: 8.8.8.8#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name: www.fgedu.net.cn
Address: 192.168.1.100

# 查看防火墙状态
$ sudo systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service – firewalld – dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2026-04-06 10:00:00 CST; 2h ago
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
Main PID: 1235 (firewalld)
Status: “ready”
Tasks: 2 (limit: 4915)
Memory: 25.6M
CPU: 0.123s
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─1235 /usr/libexec/firewalld –nofork –nopid

# 查看防火墙规则
$ sudo firewall-cmd –list-all
public (active)
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces: eth0
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client ssh
ports:
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:

# 添加HTTP服务到防火墙
$ sudo firewall-cmd –add-service=http –permanent
success

# 重新加载防火墙规则
$ sudo firewall-cmd –reload
success

# 验证防火墙规则
$ sudo firewall-cmd –list-all
public (active)
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces: eth0
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client http ssh
ports:
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules: