本文档风哥主要介绍dnf remove命令的使用，包括dnf remove命令的概念、dnf remove命令语法、dnf remove命令常用选项、dnf remove基础操作详解、dnf remove依赖处理详解、dnf remove高级使用技巧、Web服务器卸载实战案例、数据库服务器卸载实战案例、软件包卸载故障排查与解决等内容，参考Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10官方文档，适合Linux运维人员在学习和测试中使用，如果要应用于生产环境则需要自行确认。
Part01-基础概念与理论知识
1.1 dnf remove命令的概念
dnf remove命令是DNF软件包管理器中用于卸载软件包的命令。dnf remove命令会自动处理依赖关系，可以卸载软件包及其依赖软件包。更多视频教程www.fgedu.net.cn
- 自动处理依赖关系
- 支持软件包和包组卸载
- 支持保留依赖软件包
- 支持事务回滚
- 支持模拟卸载
- 支持卸载孤立软件包
1.2 dnf remove命令语法
dnf remove命令语法：
- 基本语法：dnf remove [选项] [软件包]
- 卸载单个软件包：dnf remove nginx
- 卸载多个软件包：dnf remove nginx httpd
- 卸载包组：dnf group remove “Development Tools”
- 卸载孤立软件包：dnf autoremove
1.3 dnf remove命令常用选项
dnf remove命令常用选项：
- -y, –assumeyes：自动回答yes
- –assumeno：自动回答no
- –downloadonly：仅下载不卸载
- –setopt install_weak_deps=False：不安装弱依赖
- –noautoremove：不自动卸载依赖软件包
- –setopt clean_requirements_on_remove=False：不清理依赖
Part02-生产环境规划与建议
2.1 软件包卸载在生产环境的规划
软件包卸载在生产环境的规划要点：
– 在测试环境先测试卸载
– 检查软件包依赖关系
– 备份重要数据和配置文件
– 检查是否有其他软件包依赖
– 使用-y选项自动确认
– 使用–noautoremove保留依赖软件包
# 软件包卸载注意事项
– 检查软件包是否被其他软件包依赖
– 备份配置文件
– 停止相关服务
– 检查系统功能是否正常
2.2 软件包卸载最佳实践
软件包卸载最佳实践：
- 测试环境：在测试环境先测试卸载
- 依赖检查：检查软件包依赖关系
- 备份：备份重要数据和配置文件
- 停止服务：停止相关服务
- 验证：卸载后验证系统功能
- 孤立软件包：定期清理孤立软件包
2.3 软件包卸载安全配置建议
软件包卸载安全配置建议：
- 最小权限：使用sudo执行卸载命令
- 审计日志：启用DNF审计日志
- 备份：备份重要数据和配置文件
- 验证：卸载后验证系统功能
- 回滚：准备回滚方案
Part03-生产环境项目实施方案
3.1 dnf remove基础操作详解
3.1.1 卸载单个软件包
# rpm -qa | grep nginx
nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64
nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64
nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch
# 卸载nginx软件包
# dnf remove nginx
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Removing:
nginx x86_64 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 35 k
Removing dependencies:
nginx-core x86_64 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 540 k
nginx-filesystem noarch 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 11 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove 3 Packages
Freed space: 1.9 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Removing : nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 1/3
Removing : nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 2/3
Removing : nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch 3/3
Verifying : nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch 3/3
Complete!
# 验证nginx已卸载
# rpm -qa | grep nginx
# (无输出)
# 查看配置文件是否保留
# ls -l /etc/nginx/
ls: cannot access /etc/nginx/: No such file or directory
3.1.2 卸载多个软件包
# rpm -qa | grep -E “nginx|httpd”
httpd-2.4.53-7.el9.x86_64
httpd-core-2.4.53-7.el9.x86_64
httpd-filesystem-2.4.53-7.el9.noarch
httpd-tools-2.4.53-7.el9.x86_64
nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64
nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64
nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch
# 卸载多个软件包
# dnf remove nginx httpd
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Removing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.53-7.el9 @appstream 1.4 M
nginx x86_64 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 35 k
Removing dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.7.0-11.el9 @appstream 123 k
apr-util x86_64 1.6.1-20.el9 @appstream 89 k
httpd-core x86_64 2.4.53-7.el9 @appstream 1.2 M
httpd-filesystem noarch 2.4.53-7.el9 @appstream 11 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.53-7.el9 @appstream 92 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.49-5.el9 @appstream 31 k
nginx-core x86_64 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 540 k
nginx-filesystem noarch 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 11 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove 10 Packages
Freed space: 11.2 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Removing : nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 1/10
Removing : httpd-2.4.53-7.el9.x86_64 2/10
Removing : apr-util-1.6.1-20.el9.x86_64 3/10
Removing : apr-1.7.0-11.el9.x86_64 4/10
Removing : httpd-core-2.4.53-7.el9.x86_64 5/10
Removing : httpd-filesystem-2.4.53-7.el9.noarch 6/10
Removing : httpd-tools-2.4.53-7.el9.x86_64 7/10
Removing : mailcap-2.1.49-5.el9.noarch 8/10
Removing : nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 9/10
Removing : nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch 10/10
Verifying : nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 1/10
Verifying : httpd-2.4.53-7.el9.x86_64 2/10
Verifying : apr-util-1.6.1-20.el9.x86_64 3/10
Verifying : apr-1.7.0-11.el9.x86_64 4/10
Verifying : httpd-core-2.4.53-7.el9.x86_64 5/10
Verifying : httpd-filesystem-2.4.53-7.el9.noarch 6/10
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.53-7.el9.x86_64 7/10
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.49-5.el9.noarch 8/10
Verifying : nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 9/10
Verifying : nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch 10/10
Complete!
# 验证软件包已卸载
# rpm -qa | grep -E “nginx|httpd”
# (无输出)
3.2 dnf remove依赖处理详解
3.2.1 保留依赖软件包
# dnf deplist nginx
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
package: nginx.x86_64 1.22.1-2.el9
dependency: nginx-core.x86_64
provider: nginx-core.x86_64 1.22.1-2.el9
dependency: nginx-filesystem.noarch
provider: nginx-filesystem.noarch 1.22.1-2.el9
# 使用–noautoremove选项保留依赖软件包
# dnf remove –noautoremove nginx
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Removing:
nginx x86_64 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 35 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove 1 Package
Freed space: 35 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Removing : nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 1/1
Complete!
# 验证依赖软件包是否保留
# rpm -qa | grep nginx
nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64
nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch
# 卸载依赖软件包
# dnf remove nginx-core nginx-filesystem
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Removing:
nginx-core x86_64 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 540 k
nginx-filesystem noarch 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 11 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove 2 Packages
Freed space: 551 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Removing : nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 1/2
Removing : nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch 2/2
Verifying : nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch 2/2
Complete!
# 验证所有nginx软件包已卸载
# rpm -qa | grep nginx
# (无输出)
3.3 dnf remove高级使用技巧
3.3.1 卸载孤立软件包
# dnf autoremove
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Removing:
apr-util x86_64 1.6.1-20.el9 @appstream 89 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.49-5.el9 @appstream 31 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove 2 Packages
Freed space: 120 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Removing : apr-util-1.6.1-20.el9.x86_64 1/2
Removing : mailcap-2.1.49-5.el9.noarch 2/2
Verifying : apr-util-1.6.1-20.el9.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.49-5.el9.noarch 2/2
Complete!
# 验证孤立软件包已卸载
# rpm -qa | grep -E “apr-util|mailcap”
# (无输出)
3.3.2 卸载包组
# dnf group list installed
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
Installed Groups:
Core
Development Tools
# 查看包组详情
# dnf group info “Development Tools”
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
Group: Development Tools
Description: A basic development environment.
Installed Packages:
autoconf-2.69-38.el9.noarch
automake-1.16.2-6.el9.noarch
binutils-2.35.2-37.el9.x86_64
bison-3.7.4-5.el9.x86_64
flex-2.6.4-8.el9.x86_64
gcc-11.3.1-4.1.el9.x86_64
gcc-c++-11.3.1-4.1.el9.x86_64
gdb-10.2-5.el9.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.34-60.el9.x86_64
libtool-2.4.6-45.el9.x86_64
make-1:4.3-7.el9.x86_64
patch-2.7.6-16.el9.x86_64
pkgconf-1.7.3-10.el9.x86_64
pkgconf-m4-1.7.3-10.el9.noarch
pkgconfig-1:0.27.1-4.el9.x86_64
redhat-rpm-config-197-1.el9.noarch
rpm-build-4.16.1.3-25.el9.x86_64
rpm-sign-4.16.1.3-25.el9.x86_64
strace-5.18-2.el9.x86_64
# 卸载包组
# dnf group remove “Development Tools”
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Removing Groups:
Development Tools
Removing:
autoconf noarch 2.69-38.el9 @appstream 710 k
automake noarch 1.16.2-6.el9 @appstream 712 k
binutils x86_64 2.35.2-37.el9 @appstream 5.6 M
bison x86_64 3.7.4-5.el9 @appstream 1.1 M
flex x86_64 2.6.4-8.el9 @appstream 338 k
gcc x86_64 11.3.1-4.1.el9 @appstream 32 M
gcc-c++ x86_64 11.3.1-4.1.el9 @appstream 12 M
gdb x86_64 10.2-5.el9 @appstream 3.8 M
glibc-devel x86_64 2.34-60.el9 @appstream 1.5 M
libtool x86_64 2.4.6-45.el9 @appstream 588 k
make x86_64 1:4.3-7.el9 @appstream 589 k
patch x86_64 2.7.6-16.el9 @appstream 110 k
pkgconf x86_64 1.7.3-10.el9 @appstream 40 k
pkgconf-m4 noarch 1.7.3-10.el9 @appstream 14 k
pkgconfig x86_64 1:0.27.1-4.el9 @appstream 35 k
redhat-rpm-config noarch 197-1.el9 @appstream 66 k
rpm-build x86_64 4.16.1.3-25.el9 @appstream 123 k
rpm-sign x86_64 4.16.1.3-25.el9 @appstream 23 k
strace x86_64 5.18-2.el9 @appstream 1.5 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove 19 Packages
Freed space: 223.4 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Removing : pkgconf-m4-1.7.3-10.el9.noarch 1/19
Removing : pkgconf-1.7.3-10.el9.x86_64 2/19
Removing : pkgconfig-1:0.27.1-4.el9.x86_64 3/19
Removing : patch-2.7.6-16.el9.x86_64 4/19
Removing : autoconf-2.69-38.el9.noarch 5/19
Removing : automake-1.16.2-6.el9.noarch 6/19
Removing : libtool-2.4.6-45.el9.x86_64 7/19
Removing : rpm-sign-4.16.1.3-25.el9.x86_64 8/19
Removing : rpm-build-4.16.1.3-25.el9.x86_64 9/19
Removing : redhat-rpm-config-197-1.el9.noarch 10/19
Removing : make-1:4.3-7.el9.x86_64 11/19
Removing : binutils-2.35.2-37.el9.x86_64 12/19
Removing : gcc-11.3.1-4.1.el9.x86_64 13/19
Removing : gcc-c++-11.3.1-4.1.el9.x86_64 14/19
Removing : glibc-devel-2.34-60.el9.x86_64 15/19
Removing : bison-3.7.4-5.el9.x86_64 16/19
Removing : flex-2.6.4-8.el9.x86_64 17/19
Removing : gdb-10.2-5.el9.x86_64 18/19
Removing : strace-5.18-2.el9.x86_64 19/19
Verifying : pkgconf-m4-1.7.3-10.el9.noarch 1/19
Verifying : pkgconf-1.7.3-10.el9.x86_64 2/19
Verifying : pkgconfig-1:0.27.1-4.el9.x86_64 3/19
Verifying : patch-2.7.6-16.el9.x86_64 4/19
Verifying : autoconf-2.69-38.el9.noarch 5/19
Verifying : automake-1.16.2-6.el9.noarch 6/19
Verifying : libtool-2.4.6-45.el9.x86_64 7/19
Verifying : rpm-sign-4.16.1.3-25.el9.x86_64 8/19
Verifying : rpm-build-4.16.1.3-25.el9.x86_64 9/19
Verifying : redhat-rpm-config-197-1.el9.noarch 10/19
Verifying : make-1:4.3-7.el9.x86_64 11/19
Verifying : binutils-2.35.2-37.el9.x86_64 12/19
Verifying : gcc-11.3.1-4.1.el9.x86_64 13/19
Verifying : gcc-c++-11.3.1-4.1.el9.x86_64 14/19
Verifying : glibc-devel-2.34-60.el9.x86_64 15/19
Verifying : bison-3.7.4-5.el9.x86_64 16/19
Verifying : flex-2.6.4-8.el9.x86_64 17/19
Verifying : gdb-10.2-5.el9.x86_64 18/19
Verifying : strace-5.18-2.el9.x86_64 19/19
Complete!
# 验证包组已卸载
# dnf group list installed
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
Installed Groups:
Core
Part04-生产案例与实战讲解
4.1 Web服务器卸载实战案例
4.1.1 卸载Nginx Web服务器
# systemctl stop nginx
# 2. 禁用nginx服务
# systemctl disable nginx
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service.
# 3. 查看nginx服务状态
# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service – The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
# 4. 查看已安装的nginx软件包
# rpm -qa | grep nginx
nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64
nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64
nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch
# 5. 卸载nginx软件包
# dnf -y remove nginx
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Removing:
nginx x86_64 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 35 k
Removing dependencies:
nginx-core x86_64 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 540 k
nginx-filesystem noarch 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 11 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove 3 Packages
Freed space: 1.9 M
Running transaction check
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Removing : nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 1/3
Removing : nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 2/3
Removing : nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch 3/3
Verifying : nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch 3/3
Complete!
# 6. 验证nginx已卸载
# rpm -qa | grep nginx
# (无输出)
# 7. 清理配置文件
# rm -rf /etc/nginx
# rm -rf /var/log/nginx
# rm -rf /var/cache/nginx
# rm -rf /var/lib/nginx
# 8. 验证配置文件已清理
# ls -l /etc/nginx
ls: cannot access /etc/nginx/: No such file or directory
4.2 数据库服务器卸载实战案例
4.2.1 卸载PostgreSQL数据库
# systemctl stop postgresql
# 2. 禁用PostgreSQL服务
# systemctl disable postgresql
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql.service.
# 3. 查看PostgreSQL服务状态
# systemctl status postgresql
● postgresql.service – PostgreSQL database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service; disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
# 4. 备份数据库
# su – postgres -c “pg_dumpall > /tmp/postgresql_backup.sql”
# 5. 查看已安装的PostgreSQL软件包
# rpm -qa | grep postgresql
postgresql-13.7-1.el9.x86_64
postgresql-libs-13.7-1.el9.x86_64
postgresql-server-13.7-1.el9.x86_64
libpq-13.7-1.el9.x86_64
# 6. 卸载PostgreSQL软件包
# dnf -y remove postgresql-server
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Removing:
postgresql-server x86_64 13.7-1.el9 @appstream 5.8 M
Removing dependencies:
postgresql x86_64 13.7-1.el9 @appstream 1.5 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove 2 Packages
Freed space: 7.3 M
Running transaction check
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Removing : postgresql-server-13.7-1.el9.x86_64 1/2
Removing : postgresql-13.7-1.el9.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : postgresql-server-13.7-1.el9.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : postgresql-13.7-1.el9.x86_64 2/2
Complete!
# 7. 验证PostgreSQL已卸载
# rpm -qa | grep postgresql-server
# (无输出)
# 8. 清理数据目录
# rm -rf /var/lib/pgsql/data
# 9. 验证数据目录已清理
# ls -l /var/lib/pgsql/data
ls: cannot access /var/lib/pgsql/data: No such file or directory
4.3 软件包卸载故障排查与解决
4.3.1 软件包依赖问题
# 分析步骤：
# 1. 查看错误信息
# dnf remove nginx
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Removing:
nginx x86_64 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 35 k
Removing dependencies:
nginx-core x86_64 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 540 k
nginx-filesystem noarch 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 11 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove 3 Packages
Freed space: 1.9 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Removing : nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 1/3
Removing : nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 2/3
Removing : nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch 3/3
Verifying : nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : nginx-core-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : nginx-filesystem-1.22.1-2.el9.noarch 3/3
Complete!
# 2. 使用–noautoremove选项保留依赖软件包
# dnf remove –noautoremove nginx
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu Mar 31 10:00:00 2026.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Removing:
nginx x86_64 1:1.22.1-2.el9 @appstream 35 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove 1 Package
Freed space: 35 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Removing : nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : nginx-1.22.1-2.el9.x86_64 1/1
Complete!
# 3. 预防措施
# – 检查软件包依赖关系
# – 使用–noautoremove保留依赖软件包
# – 在测试环境先测试卸载
Part05-风哥经验总结与分享
5.1 软件包卸载经验总结
软件包卸载经验总结：
- 测试环境：在测试环境先测试卸载
- 依赖检查：检查软件包依赖关系
- 备份：备份重要数据和配置文件
- 停止服务：停止相关服务
- 验证：卸载后验证系统功能
- 孤立软件包：定期清理孤立软件包
5.2 软件包卸载检查清单
软件包卸载检查清单：
- 卸载前：检查软件包依赖关系、备份配置文件
- 卸载时：停止相关服务、使用-y选项自动确认
- 卸载后：验证软件包已卸载
- 清理：清理配置文件和数据目录
- 验证：验证系统功能是否正常
- 故障排查：检查依赖关系、使用–noautoremove选项
5.3 软件包卸载相关工具推荐
软件包卸载相关工具推荐：
- dnf：DNF软件包管理器
- rpm：RPM包管理器
- repoquery：查询软件包信息
- package-cleanup：清理软件包
- yum-utils：YUM实用工具（兼容DNF）
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