内容简介：本文风哥教程参考Linux官方文档、Red Hat Enterprise Linux官方文档、Ansible Automation Platform官方文档、Docker官方文档、Kubernetes官方文档和Podman官方文档等内容，详细介绍了相关技术的配置和使用方法。
本文档详细介绍Linux网络接口的配置与管理，包括网卡配置、IP地址管理、路由配置等内容。
风哥提示：
Part01-网络接口查看
1.1 查看网络接口
$ ip link show
1: lo:
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0:
link/ether 08:00:27:12:34:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1:
link/ether 08:00:27:ab:cd:ef brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# 查看网络接口详细信息
$ ip addr show
1: lo:
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever pfrom PG视频:www.itpux.comreferred_lft forever
2: eth0:
link/ether 08:00:27:12:34:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1学习交流加群风哥微信: itpux-com.100/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe12:3456/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# 使用nmcli查看网络设备
$ nmcli device status
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
eth0 ethernet connected eth0
eth1 ethernet disconnected —
lo loopback unmanaged —
# 查看网络连接
$ nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 ethernet eth0
Part02-IP地址配置
2.1 配置静态IP地址
$ sudo nmcli connection modify eth0 \
ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.100/24 \
ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.1 \
ipv4.dns “8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4” \
ipv4.method manual
# 激活连接
$ sudo nmcli connection up eth0
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5)
# 验证配置
$ ip addr show eth0
2: eth0:
link/ether 08:00:27:12:34:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.100/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe12:3456/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# 使用ip命令临时配置IP
$ sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.200/24 dev eth0
# 删除IP地址
$ sudo ip addr del 192.168.1.200/24 dev eth0
2.2 配置DHCP动态IP
$ sudo nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.method auto
# 重新激活连接
$ sudo nmcli connection down eth0
Connection ‘eth0’ successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5)
$ sudo nmcli connection up eth0
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)
# 查看获取的IP地址
$ ip addr show eth0
2: eth0:
link/ether 08:00:27:12:34:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.50/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft 86399sec preferred_lft 86399sec
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe12:3456/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
Part03-路由配置
3.1 查看和管理路由
$ ip route show
default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 proto static metric 100
192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.100 metric 100
# 添加静态路由
$ sudo ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 via 192.168.1.254 dev eth0
# 查看添加的路由
$ ip route show
default via 192.168.1更多学习教程公众号风哥教程itpux_com.1 dev eth0 proto static metric 100
10.0.0.0/24 via 192.168.1.254 dev eth0
192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.100 metric 100
# 删除路由
$ sudo ip route del 10.0.0.0/24
# 添加默认网关
$ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1
# 删除默认网关
$ sudo ip route del default via 192.168.1.1
# 使用nmcli配置路由
$ sudo nmcli connection modify eth0 +ipv4.routes “10.0.0.0/24 192.168.1.254”
# 重新激活连接使路由生效
$ sudo nmcli connection up eth0
Part04-DNS配置
4.1 配置DNS服务器
$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
search fgedu.net.cn
nameserver 192.168.1.1
# 使用nmcli配置DNS
$ sudo nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.dns “8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4”
# 添加额外的DNS服务器
$ sudo nmcli connection modify eth0 +ipv4.dns “1.1.1.1”
# 重新激活连接
$ sudo nmcli connection up eth0
# 验证DNS配置
$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
search fgedu.net.cn
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4
nameserver 1.1.1.1
# 测试DNS解析
$ nslookup www.google.com
Server: 8.8.8.8
Address: 8.8.8.8#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: www.google.com
Address: 142.250.185.68
Name: www.google.com
Address: 2607:f8b0:4004:800::2004
Part05-网络接口管理
5.1 启用和禁用网络接口
$ sudo ip link set eth0 up
# 禁用网络接口
$ sudo ip link set eth0 down
# 使用nmcli管理连接
$ sudo nmcli connection up eth0
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/7)
$ sudo nmcli connection down eth0
Connection ‘eth0’ successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/7)
# 修改MTU值
$ sudo ip link set eth0 mtu 9000
# 查看MTU设置
$ ip link show eth0
2: eth0:
link/ether 08:00:27:12:34:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# 使用nmcli修改MTU
$ sudo nmcli connection modify eth0 802-3-ethernet.mtu 9000
$ sudo nmcli connection up eth0
1. 使用nmcli进行持久化网络配置
2. 配置静态IP时确保IP地址唯一
3. 配置多个DNS服务器提高可用性
4. 根据网络环境调整MTU值
5. 定期检查网络配置和连接状态
本文由风哥教程整理发布,仅用于学习测试使用,转载注明出处:http://www.fgedu.net.cn/10327.html
