# 微服务特点
服务独立部署
服务间轻量通信
去中心化治理
故障隔离

# 服务网格（Service Mesh）
Istio：功能全面的服务网格
Linkerd：轻量级服务网格
Consul Connect：服务发现+网格

# 设计原则
单一职责：每个服务只做一件事
服务自治：独立开发、部署、扩展
故障隔离：单个服务故障不影响整体
可观测性：完善的监控和日志

# 下载Istio
$ curl -L https://istio.io/downloadIstio | sh –
$ cd istio-1.20.0
$ export PATH=$PWD/bin:$PATH

# 安装Istio
$ istioctl install –set profile=demo -y
✔ Istio core installed
✔ Istiod installed
✔ Ingress gateways installed
✔ Installation complete

# 启用自动注入
$ kubectl label namespace default istio-injection=enabled
namespace/default labeled

# 部署示例应用
$ kubectl apply -f samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml

# 查看服务状态
$ kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
details ClusterIP 10.0.0.212 9080/TCP 1m
ratings ClusterIP 10.0.0.33 9080/TCP 1m
reviews ClusterIP 10.0.0.28 9080/TCP 1m
productpage ClusterIP 10.0.0.120 9080/TCP 1m

# 创建Gateway
$ cat > gateway.yaml << 'EOF' apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Gateway metadata: name: bookinfo-gateway spec: selector: istio: ingressgateway servers: - port: number: 80 name: http protocol: HTTP hosts: - "*" EOF $ kubectl apply -f gateway.yaml # 创建VirtualService $ cat > virtualservice.yaml << 'EOF' apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: bookinfo spec: hosts: - "*" gateways: - bookinfo-gateway http: - match: - uri: exact: /productpage route: - destination: host: productpage port: number: 9080 EOF $ kubectl apply -f virtualservice.yaml # 配置金丝雀发布 $ cat > canary.yaml << 'EOF' apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: reviews spec: hosts: - reviews http: - route: - destination: host: reviews subset: v1 weight: 90 - destination: host: reviews subset: v2 weight: 10 EOF $ kubectl apply -f canary.yaml

# 场景：部署微服务应用到Istio

# 1. 创建命名空间并启用注入
$ kubectl create namespace microservice
$ kubectl label namespace microservice istio-injection=enabled

# 2. 部署微服务
$ kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml -n microservice

# 3. 配置服务发现
$ kubectl apply -f service.yaml -n microservice

# 4. 配置流量管理
$ kubectl apfrom PG视频:www.itpux.comply -f virtualservice.yaml -n microservice
$ kubectl apply -f destinationrule.yaml -n microservice

# 5.学习交流加群风哥QQ113257174 配置熔断
$ cat > circuitbreaker.yaml << 'EOF' apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: DestinationRule metadata: name: reviews spec: host: reviews trafficPolicy: connectionPool: tcp: maxConnections: 100 http: h2UpgradePolicy: UPGRADE http1MaxPendingRequests: 100 http2MaxPendingRequests: 100 outlierDetection: consecutive5xxErrors: 3 interval: 30s baseEjectionTime: 30s EOF $ kubectl apply -f circuitbreaker.yaml -n microservice