# 检查TypeScript版本
ts –version

# 创建TypeScript配置文件
tsconfig.json
{
“compilerOptions”: {
“target”: “es5”,
“module”: “commonjs”,
“strict”: true,
“esModuleInterop”: true,
“skipLibCheck”: true,
“forceConsistentCasingInFileNames”: true
}
}

# 编译TypeScript文件
ts file.ts

# 监视文件变化并自动编译
ts –watch file.ts

# 安装TypeScript作为开发依赖
npm install –save-dev typescript

# 添加编译脚本到package.json
{
“scripts”: {
“build”: “tsc”,
“watch”: “tsc –watch”
}
}

# 运行编译
npm run build

# 运行监视模式
npm run watch

// 数组
let list: number[] = [1, 2, 3];
let list: Array = [1, 2, 3];

// 元组
let x: [string, number];
x = [“hello”, 10]; // OK
x = [10, “hello”]; // Error

// 枚举
enum Color {
Red,
Green,
Blue
}
let c: Color = Color.Green;

// Any
let notSure: any = 4;
notSure = “maybe a string instead”;
notSure = false; // okay, definitely a boolean

// Void
function warnUser(): void {
console.log(“This is my warning message”);
}

// Null and Undefined
let u: undefined = undefined;
let n: null = null;

// Never
function error(message: string): never {
throw new Error(message);
}

function greet(person: Person) {
return “Hello, ” + person.firstName + ” ” + person.lastName;
}

let user = {
firstName: “John”,
lastName: “Doe”
};

console.log(greet(user));

// 可选属性
interface Person {
firstName: string;
lastName: string;
age?: number;
}

// 只读属性
interface Person {
readonly id: number;
firstName: string;
lastName: string;
}

// 函数类型
interface SearchFunc {
(source: string, subString: string): boolean;
}

let mySearch: SearchFunc = function(source: string, subString: string): boolean {
let result = source.search(subString);
return result > -1;
};

// 可索引类型
interface StringArray {
[index: number]: string;
}

let myArray: StringArray = [“Bob”, “Fred”];

constructor(message: string) {
this.greeting = message;
}

greet() {
return “Hello, ” + this.greeting;
}
}

let greeter = new Greeter(“world”);
console.log(greeter.greet());

// 继承
class Animal {
move(distanceInMeters: number = 0) {
console.log(`Animal moved ${distanceInMeters}m.`);
}
}

class Dog extends Animal {
bark() {
console.log(“Woof! Woof!”);
}
}

const dog = new Dog();
dog.bark();
dog.move(10);
dog.bark();

// 访问修饰符
class Employee {
private name: string;
protected department: string;
public position: string;

constructor(name: string, department: string, position: string) {
this.name = name;
this.department = department;
this.position = position;
}

getName() {
return this.name;
}
}

class Manager extends Employee {
constructor(name: string, department: string) {
super(name, department, “Manager”);
}

getDepartment() {
return this.department;
}
}

// 静态属性
class Grid {
static origin = { x: 0, y: 0 };

calculateDistanceFromOrigin(point: { x: number; y: number }) {
let xDist = point.x – Grid.origin.x;
let yDist = point.y – Grid.origin.y;
return Math.sqrt(xDist * xDist + yDist * yDist);
}

constructor(public scale: number) {}
}

let grid1 = new Grid(1.0);
let grid2 = new Grid(5.0);

console.log(grid1.calculateDistanceFromOrigin({ x: 10, y: 10 }));
console.log(grid2.calculateDistanceFromOrigin({ x: 10, y: 10 }));