it教程FG187-NBU备份性能优化

1. 备份性能概述

备份性能是NBU系统的重要指标，直接影响备份窗口和业务系统的正常运行。优化备份性能可以缩短备份时间，提高资源利用率，确保备份任务在规定的窗口内完成。更多学习教程www.fgedu.net.cn

# 查看备份作业性能统计
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpdbjobs -report -hours 24 -sumby client

Summary of backup jobs for the last 24 hours grouped by client:

Client Name Jobs Successful Failed Partially Successful Avg KB/sec Total MB
——————– —– ———— ——- ——————— ———— ———
fileserver1 2 2 0 0 15000 4500
fileserver2 3 3 0 0 12000 5400
dbserver1 1 1 0 0 8000 3200
appserver1 2 1 1 0 5000 2000

2. 性能监控工具

监控备份性能是优化的前提，NBU提供了多种工具来监控备份作业的性能指标。学习交流加群风哥微信: itpux-com

2.1 bpdbjobs命令

# 查看最近24小时的备份作业性能
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpdbjobs -report -hours 24 -detail

Job ID Type State Status Client Policy Schedule Start Time End Time MB KB/sec
——- ———- ——– ————— ————– ————— ————— —————– —————– ——- ——–
12345 Backup Done Successful fileserver1 FULL_BACKUP Full 04/02/2026 20:00:00 04/02/2026 20:30:00 2500 14000
12346 Backup Done Successful fileserver2 INCR_BACKUP Differential 04/02/2026 21:00:00 04/02/2026 21:15:00 800 8900
12347 Backup Done Successful dbserver1 DB_BACKUP Full 04/02/2026 22:00:00 04/02/2026 22:45:00 3200 9500
12348 Backup Done Failed appserver1 APP_BACKUP Full 04/02/2026 23:00:00 04/02/2026 23:59:00 1000 2800

2.2 nbperfchk工具

# 运行性能检查工具
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/nbperfchk

NetBackup performance check tool version 8.3

Checking network performance…
Network performance test to media server media1:
Ping time: 1.2 ms
TCP bandwidth: 980 Mbps
UDP bandwidth: 990 Mbps

Checking disk performance…
Disk performance on /usr/openv/netbackup:
Read speed: 250 MB/s
Write speed: 200 MB/s

Checking memory usage…
Memory usage: 40% of 32GB

Checking CPU usage…
CPU usage: 15% of 16 cores

2.3 备份作业详细信息

# 查看特定作业的详细性能信息
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpjobinfo -jobid 12345 -detailed

Job ID: 12345
Job Type: Backup
State: Done
Status: Successful
Client: fileserver1
Policy: FULL_BACKUP
Schedule: Full
Start Time: 04/02/2026 20:00:00
End Time: 04/02/2026 20:30:00
Files Backed Up: 5000
Bytes Backed Up: 2560000000
KB/sec: 14222
Average Throughput: 14.2 MB/sec
Network Throughput: 15.0 MB/sec
Media Throughput: 13.5 MB/sec

3. 网络优化

网络是备份性能的关键因素，优化网络配置可以显著提高备份速度。

3.1 网络带宽优化

# 检查网络连接状态
# netstat -tuln

Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1556 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:13720 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:13782 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

# 测试网络带宽
# iperf3 -c media1 -t 30

Connecting to host media1, port 5201
[ 4] local 192.168.1.10 port 50000 connected to 192.168.1.20 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Retr Cwnd
[ 4] 0.00-30.00 sec 3.36 GBytes 960 Mbits/sec 0 1.40 MBytes

3.2 网络参数调整

# 调整TCP窗口大小
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# 添加以下网络参数
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle = 0

# 使参数生效
# sysctl -p

# 验证参数设置
# sysctl -a | grep rmem_max
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216

# sysctl -a | grep wmem_max
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

3.3 网络分段

# 为备份流量创建专用VLAN
# 配置网络接口
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1

DEVICE=eth1
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=10.0.0.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes

# 重启网络服务
# systemctl restart network

# 验证网络配置
# ifconfig eth1
eth1: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe96:5c9d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 ether 08:00:27:96:5c:9d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1000 bytes 1024000 (1000.0 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 800 bytes 819200 (800.0 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

4. 存储优化

存储系统的性能直接影响备份速度，合理配置存储可以显著提高备份性能。

4.1 存储单元配置

# 查看存储单元配置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbdevquery -liststs -U

Storage Server Name: storage1
Storage Type: PureDisk
Media Server Name: media1
State: UP

# 查看存储单元详细信息
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbdevconfig -getconfig -storage_server storage1 -stype PureDisk

Storage Server: storage1
Storage Type: PureDisk
Media Server: media1
Connection String: storage1:9090
User Name: admin
Password: ******
Disk Pool: DP1

4.2 磁盘池优化

# 查看磁盘池状态
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbdevquery -listdp -U

Disk Pool Name: DP1
Storage Server: storage1
Storage Type: PureDisk
State: UP
Capacity: 10000 GB
Free Space: 8000 GB
Used Space: 2000 GB

# 优化磁盘池配置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbdevconfig -setconfig -diskpool DP1 -property “max_io_streams=16”

# 验证配置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbdevconfig -getconfig -diskpool DP1 -property “max_io_streams”
max_io_streams=16

4.3 存储设备性能测试

# 使用dd测试存储性能
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/backup/testfile bs=1M count=1000
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 10.2345 seconds, 102 MB/s

# 清理测试文件
# rm /backup/testfile

5. 客户端优化

客户端是备份的起点，优化客户端配置可以提高备份数据的收集速度。

5.1 客户端并行度配置

# 查看客户端配置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpgetconfig -M client1

CLIENT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 300
CLIENT_READ_TIMEOUT = 300
MAX_JOBS_PER_CLIENT = 4

# 修改客户端并行度
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpsetconfig -h client1 “MAX_JOBS_PER_CLIENT = 8”

# 验证配置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpgetconfig -M client1 | grep MAX_JOBS
MAX_JOBS_PER_CLIENT = 8

5.2 客户端文件系统优化

# 检查文件系统类型和挂载选项
# mount | grep /data
/dev/sdb1 on /data type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)

# 优化ext4文件系统挂载选项
# vi /etc/fstab

/dev/sdb1 /data ext4 defaults,noatime,nodiratime 0 2

# 重新挂载文件系统
# mount -o remount /data

# 验证挂载选项
# mount | grep /data
/dev/sdb1 on /data type ext4 (rw,noatime,nodiratime,data=ordered)

5.3 客户端资源限制

# 查看客户端资源使用情况
# top -b -n 1 | head -20

top – 10:00:00 up 10 days, 2:30, 2 users, load average: 0.50, 0.40, 0.30
Tasks: 200 total, 1 running, 199 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 10.0 us, 2.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 87.0 id, 1.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
MiB Mem : 16384.0 total, 8192.0 free, 4096.0 used, 4096.0 buff/cache
MiB Swap: 8192.0 total, 8192.0 free, 0.0 used. 11264.0 avail Mem

# 调整客户端进程优先级
# renice -n 10 -p $(pgrep bp)

# 验证进程优先级
# ps -p $(pgrep bp) -o pid,nice,command
PID NI COMMAND
1234 10 /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bp

6. 服务器优化

NBU服务器是整个备份系统的核心，优化服务器配置可以提高整体备份性能。

6.1 媒体服务器优化

# 查看媒体服务器配置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbemmcmd -listhosts -verbose

Host Name: media1
Host Type: MEDIA_SERVER
State: UP

# 修改媒体服务器并行度
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbemmcmd -updatehost -machinename media1 -media_server -max_jobs 32

# 验证配置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/nbemmcmd -gethost -machinename media1 | grep max_jobs
Max Jobs: 32

6.2 主服务器优化

# 查看主服务器配置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpgetconfig | grep MAX_JOBS
MAX_JOBS = 100

# 修改主服务器最大作业数
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpsetconfig “MAX_JOBS = 200”

# 验证配置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpgetconfig | grep MAX_JOBS
MAX_JOBS = 200

# 调整数据库缓存
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpsetconfig “DATABASE_CACHE_SIZE = 512”

6.3 内存和CPU优化

# 查看服务器内存使用情况
# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 32G 10G 15G 512M 7G 20G
Swap: 16G 0B 16G

# 查看CPU使用情况
# mpstat 1 5
Linux 4.18.0-305.el8.x86_64 (master) 04/02/2026 _x86_64_ (16 CPU)

08:00:00 AM CPU %usr %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %guest %gnice %idle
08:00:01 AM all 5.00 0.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.50
08:00:02 AM all 4.50 0.00 1.80 0.80 0.00 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 92.50
08:00:03 AM all 5.20 0.00 2.10 1.20 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 90.90
08:00:04 AM all 4.80 0.00 1.90 0.90 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.90
08:00:05 AM all 5.10 0.00 2.00 1.10 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.30

7. 策略优化

备份策略的配置直接影响备份性能，合理的策略设置可以提高备份效率。

7.1 备份类型优化

# 查看策略配置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpplinfo FULL_BACKUP -l

Policy Name: FULL_BACKUP
Policy Type: Standard
Active: yes
Include: /data
Exclude: /data/temp
Storage Unit: STU1
Media Server: media1

# 修改备份类型和压缩选项
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpplinfo FULL_BACKUP -compression 1

# 验证压缩设置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpplinfo FULL_BACKUP | grep compression
Compression: yes

7.2 备份窗口优化

# 查看备份计划
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpplsched FULL_BACKUP -l

Schedule: Full
Type: Full Backup
Frequency: 7 days
Retention Level: 4 (4 weeks)
Window: 20:00:00 – 06:00:00

# 修改备份窗口
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpplsched FULL_BACKUP -modify Full -window 22:00:00 04:00:00

# 验证备份窗口
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpplsched FULL_BACKUP -l | grep Window
Window: 22:00:00 – 04:00:00

7.3 多流备份配置

# 启用多流备份
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpplinfo FULL_BACKUP -use_multiple_streams 1

# 设置每个客户端的最大流数
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpplinfo FULL_BACKUP -max_streams_per_client 4

# 验证多流设置
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpplinfo FULL_BACKUP | grep -E “multiple|streams”
Use multiple data streams: yes
Maximum streams per client: 4

8. 性能优化最佳实践

遵循以下最佳实践，可以显著提高NBU备份系统的性能。更多学习教程公众号风哥教程itpux_com

8.1 网络最佳实践

为备份流量配置专用网络，避免与生产流量竞争带宽
使用万兆或更高带宽的网络设备
优化TCP/IP参数，提高网络传输效率
定期监控网络性能，及时发现并解决网络问题

8.2 存储最佳实践

使用高性能存储设备，如SSD或企业级SAN
合理规划存储容量，确保有足够的空间和I/O性能
配置适当的磁盘池和存储单元，优化存储资源利用
定期进行存储维护，如碎片整理和健康检查

8.3 服务器最佳实践

为NBU服务器配置足够的内存和CPU资源
优化服务器操作系统参数，提高系统性能
定期清理NBU数据库，保持数据库性能
部署多个媒体服务器，分散备份负载

8.4 策略最佳实践

根据数据类型和重要性，选择合适的备份类型
合理设置备份窗口，避开业务高峰期
启用多流备份，提高并行处理能力
使用压缩和重复数据删除，减少数据传输量

8.5 监控和维护最佳实践

建立完善的性能监控体系，及时发现性能瓶颈
定期分析备份作业性能，识别优化机会
建立性能基准，用于比较和评估优化效果
定期进行备份系统维护，确保系统健康运行

# 生成性能报告
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpreport -summary -hours 168

Summary of backup jobs for the last 168 hours:
Total jobs: 100
Successful: 95
Failed: 5
Partially successful: 0
In progress: 0

Average throughput: 12.5 MB/sec
Average backup time: 25 minutes

# 分析性能趋势
# /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/bpdbjobs -report -hours 720 -sumby day

Summary of backup jobs grouped by day:

Date Jobs Successful Failed Avg KB/sec Total MB
———– —– ———— ——- ———— ———
03/27/2026 15 15 0 10000 15000
03/28/2026 14 14 0 11000 14500
03/29/2026 16 15 1 9500 15200
03/30/2026 15 15 0 11500 16000
03/31/2026 14 13 1 10500 14800
04/01/2026 15 15 0 12000 16500
04/02/2026 11 11 0 13000 14300

生产环境风哥建议：建立定期性能优化机制，每月进行一次性能评估和优化。同时，建立性能监控告警，当备份性能下降时及时通知管理员。

风哥风哥提示：备份性能优化是一个持续的过程，需要根据业务变化和系统状态不断调整。建议建立性能优化的标准流程，确保备份系统始终处于最佳状态。

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