2. 首页 > IT综合教程 > 正文

IT教程FG309-WebSphere中间件管理

教程整理：风哥教程  |  更新时间：2026-01-27  |  教程分类：IT综合教程  |  文档学习：9

1. WebSphere概述

IBM WebSphere Application Server是企业级Java应用服务器，提供完整的J2EE运行环境。更多学习教程www.fgedu.net.cn

# 查看WebSphere版本
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/bin/versionInfo.sh
WVER0010I: Copyright (c) IBM Corporation 2002, 2024; All rights reserved.
WVER0012I: VersionInfo reporter running in WebSphere Application Server installation directory.
WVER0013I: VersionInfo reporter using WebSphere Application Server product jar file.

IBM WebSphere Application Server
Version Report
—————-
WSVersion: 9.0.5.15
Product: WebSphere Application Server (BASE)
Installation Date: 2025-01-15
Build Date: 2024-12-01
Build Level: cf251234.01
Java Version: 1.8.0_401
Java Vendor: IBM Corporation
Java Home: /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/java/8.0

# 查看WebSphere安装目录结构
# ls -la /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/
total 64
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 15 10:00 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 10:00 classes
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 15 10:00 configuration
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 10:00 etc
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 15 10:00 features
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 10:00 java
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 15 10:00 lib
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 10:00 logs
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 10:00 properties
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 15 10:00 templates

# 查看已创建的概要文件
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/bin/manageprofiles.sh -listProfiles
[profiles: fgedu_dmgr01, fgedu_appserver01, fgedu_appserver02]

# 查看概要文件详情
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/bin/manageprofiles.sh -getName -profileName fgedu_dmgr01
Profile name: fgedu_dmgr01
Profile path: /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01
Profile type: dmgr
Cell name: fgedu_cell
Node name: fgedu_dmgr

# 查看概要文件目录
# ls -la /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Jan 15 10:00 fgedu_dmgr01
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Jan 15 10:00 fgedu_appserver01
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Jan 15 10:00 fgedu_appserver02

生产环境风哥建议：生产环境建议使用Network Deployment版本，配置Deployment Manager管理多个应用服务器节点，实现集中管理和高可用。

2. 服务器管理

WebSphere服务器管理包括启动、停止、状态检查等日常运维操作。学习交流加群风哥微信: itpux-com

# 启动Deployment Manager
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/startManager.sh
ADMU0116I: Tool information is being logged in file
/opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/logs/dmgr/startServer.log
ADMU0128I: Starting tool with the fgedu_dmgr01 profile
ADMU3100I: Reading configuration for the Deployment Manager server: dmgr
ADMU3200I: Server launched. Waiting for initialization status.
ADMU3050I: Server dmgr open for e-business; process id is 12345.

# 查看Deployment Manager状态
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/serverStatus.sh dmgr
ADMU0116I: Tool information is being logged in file
/opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/logs/dmgr/serverStatus.log
ADMU0128I: Starting tool with the fgedu_dmgr01 profile
ADMU3100I: Reading configuration for the Deployment Manager server: dmgr
ADMU0503I: Retrieving server status for dmgr
ADMU0505I: Server dmgr is STARTED

# 停止Deployment Manager
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/stopManager.sh
ADMU0116I: Tool information is being logged in file
/opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/logs/dmgr/stopServer.log
ADMU0128I: Starting tool with the fgedu_dmgr01 profile
ADMU3100I: Reading configuration for the Deployment Manager server: dmgr
ADMU3201I: Server stop request issued. Waiting for stop status.
ADMU4000I: Server dmgr stop completed.

# 启动节点代理
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_appserver01/bin/startNode.sh
ADMU0116I: Tool information is being logged in file
/opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_appserver01/logs/nodeagent/startServer.log
ADMU0128I: Starting tool with the fgedu_appserver01 profile
ADMU3100I: Reading configuration for the node agent process on node: fgedu_node01
ADMU3200I: Server launched. Waiting for initialization status.
ADMU3050I: Server nodeagent open for e-business; process id is 23456.

# 启动应用服务器
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_appserver01/bin/startServer.sh server1
ADMU0116I: Tool information is being logged in file
/opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_appserver01/logs/server1/startServer.log
ADMU0128I: Starting tool with the fgedu_appserver01 profile
ADMU3100I: Reading configuration for the server: server1
ADMU3200I: Server launched. Waiting for initialization status.
ADMU3050I: Server server1 open for e-business; process id is 24567.

# 查看应用服务器状态
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_appserver01/bin/serverStatus.sh server1
ADMU0116I: Tool information is being logged in file
/opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_appserver01/logs/server1/serverStatus.log
ADMU0128I: Starting tool with the fgedu_appserver01 profile
ADMU3100I: Reading configuration for the server: server1
ADMU0503I: Retrieving server status for server1
ADMU0505I: Server server1 is STARTED

# 停止应用服务器
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_appserver01/bin/stopServer.sh server1
ADMU0116I: Tool information is being logged in file
/opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_appserver01/logs/server1/stopServer.log
ADMU0128I: Starting tool with the fgedu_appserver01 profile
ADMU3100I: Reading configuration for the server: server1
ADMU3201I: Server stop request issued. Waiting for stop status.
ADMU4000I: Server server1 stop completed.

# 停止节点代理
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_appserver01/bin/stopNode.sh
ADMU0116I: Tool information is being logged in file
/opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_appserver01/logs/nodeagent/stopServer.log
ADMU0128I: Starting tool with the fgedu_appserver01 profile
ADMU3100I: Reading configuration for the node agent process on node: fgedu_node01
ADMU3201I: Server stop request issued. Waiting for stop status.
ADMU4000I: Server nodeagent stop completed.

# 查看所有服务器进程
# ps -ef | grep java | grep WebSphere
root 12345 1 0 10:00 ? 00:05:23 /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/java/8.0/bin/java -Dws.ext.dirs=/opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/java/8.0/lib:/opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/classes:/opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/classes … dmgr
root 23456 1 0 10:05 ? 00:03:12 /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/java/8.0/bin/java … nodeagent
root 24567 1 0 10:10 ? 00:04:56 /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/java/8.0/bin/java … server1

3. 集群管理

WebSphere集群提供高可用和负载均衡能力，是企业级部署的核心组件。

# 使用wsadmin查看集群状态
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython -c “print AdminClusterManagement.checkClusterStatus(‘fgedu_cluster’)”
WASX7209I: Connected to process “dmgr” on node fgedu_dmgr using SOAP connector; The type of process is: DeploymentManager
WASX7015E: Running AdminClusterManagement.checkClusterStatus(‘fgedu_cluster’)
Cluster fgedu_cluster is running
Servers in cluster:
fgedu_cluster_server1 on node fgedu_node01: STARTED
fgedu_cluster_server2 on node fgedu_node02: STARTED
fgedu_cluster_server3 on node fgedu_node01: STARTED
fgedu_cluster_server4 on node fgedu_node02: STARTED

# 查看集群成员
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython -c “print AdminClusterManagement.listClusterMembers(‘fgedu_cluster’)”
WASX7209I: Connected to process “dmgr” on node fgedu_dmgr using SOAP connector
fgedu_cluster_server1
fgedu_cluster_server2
fgedu_cluster_server3
fgedu_cluster_server4

# 启动集群
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython -c “AdminClusterManagement.startCluster(‘fgedu_cluster’)”
WASX7209I: Connected to process “dmgr” on node fgedu_dmgr using SOAP connector
Starting cluster fgedu_cluster…
Starting server fgedu_cluster_server1…
Starting server fgedu_cluster_server2…
Starting server fgedu_cluster_server3…
Starting server fgedu_cluster_server4…
Cluster fgedu_cluster started successfully.

# 停止集群
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython -c “AdminClusterManagement.stopCluster(‘fgedu_cluster’, ‘immediate’)”
WASX7209I: Connected to process “dmgr” on node fgedu_dmgr using SOAP connector
Stopping cluster fgedu_cluster…
Stopping server fgedu_cluster_server1…
Stopping server fgedu_cluster_server2…
Stopping server fgedu_cluster_server3…
Stopping server fgedu_cluster_server4…
Cluster fgedu_cluster stopped successfully.

# 滚动重启集群成员
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython -c “AdminClusterManagement.rippleStart(‘fgedu_cluster’)”
WASX7209I: Connected to process “dmgr” on node fgedu_dmgr using SOAP connector
Performing ripple start for cluster fgedu_cluster…
Stopping server fgedu_cluster_server1…
Starting server fgedu_cluster_server1…
Stopping server fgedu_cluster_server2…
Starting server fgedu_cluster_server2…
Stopping server fgedu_cluster_server3…
Starting server fgedu_cluster_server3…
Stopping server fgedu_cluster_server4…
Starting server fgedu_cluster_server4…
Ripple start completed successfully.

# 添加集群成员
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <
风哥风哥提示：生产环境建议配置至少两个节点的集群，使用rippleStart进行滚动重启，确保服务不中断。配置preferLocal优化本地访问性能。

4. 应用部署管理

应用部署是WebSphere运维的核心工作，需要掌握部署、更新、回滚等操作。学习交流加群风哥QQ113257174

# 查看已部署的应用
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython -c “print AdminApp.list()”
WASX7209I: Connected to process “dmgr” on node fgedu_dmgr using SOAP connector
fgedu_webapp
fgedu_api
fgedu_batch

# 查看应用详情
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython -c “print AdminApp.view(‘fgedu_webapp’, ‘-all’)”
WASX7209I: Connected to process “dmgr” on node fgedu_dmgr using SOAP connector
Application: fgedu_webapp
Display Name: FGedu Web Application
Location: /opt/apps/fgedu_webapp.ear
Target Mappings:
fgedu_cluster
Modules:
fgedu_webapp.war
Context Root: /fgedu
Classloader Mode: PARENT_FIRST
Starting Weight: 10

# 部署新应用
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <
# 启动应用
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython -c “AdminApplication.startApplicationOnCluster(‘fgedu_webapp’, ‘fgedu_cluster’)”
WASX7209I: Connected to process “dmgr” on node fgedu_dmgr using SOAP connector
Starting application fgedu_webapp on cluster fgedu_cluster…
Application started successfully.

# 停止应用
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython -c “AdminApplication.stopApplicationOnCluster(‘fgedu_webapp’, ‘fgedu_cluster’)”
WASX7209I: Connected to process “dmgr” on node fgedu_dmgr using SOAP connector
Stopping application fgedu_webapp on cluster fgedu_cluster…
Application stopped successfully.

# 卸载应用
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <

# 查看应用状态
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython -c “print AdminControl.queryNames(‘type=Application,name=fgedu_webapp,*’)”
WASX7209I: Connected to process “dmgr” on node fgedu_dmgr using SOAP connector
WebSphere:name=fgedu_webapp,process=fgedu_cluster_server1,platform=proxy,node=fgedu_node01,version=9.0.5.15,type=Application,mbeanIdentifier=cells/fgedu_cell/applications/fgedu_webapp.ear/deployments/fgedu_webapp/deployment.xml#ApplicationDeployment_1,J2EEName=fgedu_webapp,J2EEServer=fgedu_cluster_server1

# 导出应用
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <

5. JVM调优

JVM调优对WebSphere性能至关重要，需要根据应用特点进行合理配置。更多学习教程公众号风哥教程itpux_com

# 查看当前JVM配置
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <
# 修改JVM堆内存设置
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <
# 查看JVM内存使用情况
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <
生产环境风哥建议：根据应用特点设置合理的JVM堆大小，建议初始堆和最大堆设置为相同值，使用gencon垃圾回收策略，开启压缩指针减少内存占用。

6. 数据源配置

数据源配置是WebSphere连接数据库的关键，需要正确配置连接池参数。

# 查看已配置的数据源
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython -c “print AdminConfig.list(‘DataSource’)”
WASX7209I: Connected to process “dmgr” on node fgedu_dmgr using SOAP connector
“cells/fgedu_cell|datasources.xml#DataSource_1” (fgedu_oracle_ds)
“cells/fgedu_cell|datasources.xml#DataSource_2” (fgedu_mysql_ds)

# 查看数据源详情
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <

# 创建JDBC提供者
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <
# 配置连接池参数
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <

7. 安全配置

WebSphere安全配置包括用户认证、SSL配置、安全域设置等。

# 查看安全配置状态
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <
# 创建JAAS认证别名
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <

8. 性能监控

性能监控是确保WebSphere稳定运行的重要手段。author:www.itpux.com

# 查看服务器性能指标
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <
# 启用性能监控基础设施
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <

9. 故障排查

掌握故障排查方法对于WebSphere运维至关重要。

# 查看服务器日志
# tail -100 /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_appserver01/logs/server1/SystemOut.log
[4/3/26 10:00:00:123 CST] 00000001 SystemOut O WSWS0001I: WebSphere Application Server Version 9.0.5.15
[4/3/26 10:00:00:234 CST] 00000001 SystemOut O WSWS0002I: Starting server server1
[4/3/26 10:00:05:456 CST] 00000001 SystemOut O WSVR0200I: Starting application fgedu_webapp
[4/3/26 10:00:10:789 CST] 00000001 SystemOut O WSVR0221I: Application fgedu_webapp started successfully

# 查看错误日志
# tail -100 /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_appserver01/logs/server1/SystemErr.log
[4/3/26 10:15:00:123 CST] 00000001 SystemErr R java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
[4/3/26 10:15:00:234 CST] 00000001 SystemErr R at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:3332)
[4/3/26 10:15:00:345 CST] 00000001 SystemErr R at java.lang.StringCoding.safeTrim(StringCoding.java:82)

# 查看native日志
# tail -50 /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_appserver01/logs/server1/native_stderr.log
JVMDUMP039I: Processing dump event “systhrow”, detail “java/lang/OutOfMemoryError” at 2026/04/03 10:15:00 – please wait.
JVMDUMP032I: JVM requested System dump using ‘/opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_appserver01/logs/server1/core.20260403.101500.12345.0001.dmp’ in response to an event
JVMDUMP010I: System dump written to /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_appserver01/logs/server1/core.20260403.101500.12345.0001.dmp

# 分析线程转储
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <

10. 备份与恢复

定期备份WebSphere配置是保障系统安全的重要措施。

# 备份配置
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/backupConfig.sh /backup/websphere/config_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d).zip
ADMU0116I: Tool information is being logged in file
/opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/logs/backupConfig.log
ADMU0128I: Starting tool with the fgedu_dmgr01 profile
ADMU4006I: Backing up config directory to /backup/websphere/config_backup_20260403.zip
ADMU4020I: The backup operation completed successfully.

# 查看备份文件
# ls -lh /backup/websphere/
total 256M
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 128M Apr 3 10:00 config_backup_20260403.zip
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 128M Apr 2 10:00 config_backup_20260402.zip

# 恢复配置
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/restoreConfig.sh /backup/websphere/config_backup_20260403.zip
ADMU0116I: Tool information is being logged in file
/opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/logs/restoreConfig.log
ADMU0128I: Starting tool with the fgedu_dmgr01 profile
ADMU4007I: Restoring config directory from /backup/websphere/config_backup_20260403.zip
ADMU4021I: The restore operation completed successfully.

# 导出整个单元配置
# /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/fgedu_dmgr01/bin/wsadmin.sh -lang jython <
生产环境风哥建议：建立定期备份机制，备份配置文件和应用程序，制定恢复预案并定期演练，确保系统可快速恢复。

本文由风哥教程整理发布,仅用于学习测试使用,转载注明出处:http://www.fgedu.net.cn/10327.html

相关推荐

联系我们

在线咨询：点击这里给我发消息

微信号：itpux-com

工作日：9:30-18:30，节假日休息