准备工作
1.找到所有的表空间文件，这里主要是找到计划删除undo表空间

select * from dba_data_files;

2.新建一个 undo 表空间，表空间名字和物理文件名字都换一个，自拓展的参数自行调整

create undo tablespace UNDOTBS3 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/undotbs03.dbf' size 100M autoextend on next 100M maxsize unlimited;

3.修改系统的 undo 表空间为新创建的 undo 表空间

alter system set undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS3;

4.查看当前的UNDO表空间

SYS@cams> show parameter undo;

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
undo_management string AUTO
undo_retention integer 900
undo_tablespace string UNDOTBS3

问题说明
5.此时直接删除原 undo 表空间和表空间文件，遇到 ORA-01548 的错误。

SYS@cams> drop tablespace UNDOTBS1 including contents and datafiles;

drop tablespace UNDOTBS1 including contents and datafiles
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01548: active rollback segment '_SYSSMU9_1650507775$' found, terminate
dropping tablespace

实操方案
6.因为本次操作的环境是测试环境，所以选择了一个最简单快速的方法，表空间offline+drop。

如果担心数据损坏，建议做一个expdp/exp逻辑备份。

SYS@cams> alter tablespace UNDOTBS1 offline;

Tablespace altered.

SYS@cams> drop tablespace UNDOTBS1 including contents and datafiles;

Tablespace dropped.
注：如果不着急的话，可以将数据库的默认undo表空间修改之后运行一段时间，查看dba_rollback_segs 表，等到原undo表空间中只剩下“offline”状态的segment时（ 如果有事务未提交，可以执行commit force命令强制提交 ），可以顺利删除。

7.完事检查是否已经成功删除

SYS@cams> select count(*) from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name='UNDOTBS1'

COUNT(*)
----------
0

参考方案
MOS中对ORA-01548问题进行分类讨论，感兴趣的读者可以仔细阅读
Master Note: Troubleshooting ORA-1548 error (文档 ID 1577988.1) 转到底部 转到底部

In this Document
PurposeTroubleshooting Steps What is ORA-1548 Case 1 : An active or dead transaction present in the Undo Segment. Case 2: Undo segment held by a dead distributed transaction Case 3: When Undo Segment requires recovery Case 4: If Event 10513 is set. Case 5: When FlashBack Data Archiver (FBDA) is enabled Case 6: FlashBack Data Archiver (FBDA) was enabled in the past. Diagnostic Information to be Collected While Raising a Service Request.

APPLIES TO:
Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 10.2.0.1 to 12.1.0.1 [Release 10.2 to 12.1]
Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 12.1.0.2 to 12.1.0.2 [Release 12.1]
Information in this document applies to any platform.
*** Checked for relevance on 05-Apr-2016 ***
PURPOSE

This troubleshooting guide is for resolving ORA-1548 error reported while dropping UNDO tablespace.

The main purpose is to provide the Database Administrators an understanding of the issue and steps to resolve the same. It also provides you the diagnostic information to be collected before raising a Service Request with Oracle Support.

TROUBLESHOOTING STEPS

What is ORA-1548
ORA-1548 is the error reported when you try to drop a tablespace that contains active rollback segments ie, the segments which will be required for a rollback or when a dead transaction is present which requires a transaction recovery. The tablespace can be dropped only after clearing the active (or dead) transaction accessing the Undo Segment. The issue could also happen if the transaction cannot be rolled back due to various reasons like Undo datafile is offline or not accessible, Undo requires recovery and so on.

You can check for the Undo Segment in use, using the query:

select segment_id, segment_name,status,tablespace_name from dba_rollback_segs where status not in ('ONLINE','OFFLINE');

If the above query returns 'ONLINE' or 'PARTLY AVAILABLE', it means that there are still pending transaction entries in the rollback. You must wait until the corresponding transactions are either committed or rolled back. Repeat the above query again until the status becomes 'OFFLINE'. The status means that a dead transaction exists that still needs to be rolled back. There is no way we can simply forget about it, it would leave logical corruptions in the database.

A 'NEEDS RECOVERY' status means that there are problems with the rollback. See Case 3 in this document

Case 1 : An active or dead transaction present in the Undo Segment.

1). Check the status of the undo segments that are not Online or Offline:

Select segment_name,status,tablespace_name from dba_rollback_segs where status not in ('ONLINE','OFFLINE') ;

If there are segments with status 'Partly Available' , it means they still have active transactions pending and you can not drop the tablespace until the transaction is committed or rolled back. In case of a dead transaction you will have to wait till the recovery is done.

2. To check for dead transactions:

select KTUXEUSN, KTUXESLT, KTUXESQN, KTUXESTA, KTUXECFL, KTUXESIZ
from x$ktuxe
where KTUXESTA='ACTIVE' and KTUXECFL='DEAD';

You can monitor the recovery using the column KTUXESIZ . This will decrease as the recovery progresses.

Once the transaction is recovered, you can try dropping the Undo tablespace

Case 2: Undo segment held by a dead distributed transaction
In this case , the issue is caused by dead distributed transactions. We have to clear the dead distributed transactions before trying to drop the Undo tablespace.

To check for any active transactions on a rollback segment:

SELECT KTUXEUSN, KTUXESLT, KTUXESQN, /* Transaction ID */
KTUXESTA Status,
KTUXECFL Flags
FROM x$ktuxe
WHERE ktuxesta!='INACTIVE' ;

If the status shows as 'Prepared', It implies this is a distributed transaction , which should be committed or rolled back.

b. You can use the following queries to check for in doubt transactions:

SELECT LOCAL_TRAN_ID,GLOBAL_TRAN_ID,STATE,MIXED,COMMIT# FROM DBA_2PC_PENDING;

SELECT LOCAL_TRAN_ID,IN_OUT,DATABASE,INTERFACE FROM dba_2pc_neighbors;

At this point you have to cleanup Distributed transaction without corresponding dba_2pc entries

Please Contact Oracle Support to clean the stranded dba_2pc transactions

Once these transactions are cleared, you should be able to drop the undo tablespace without encountering the ORA-1548 error.

Case 3: When Undo Segment requires recovery

Check the status of the undo segments

Select segment_name,status,tablespace_name from dba_rollback_segs where status not in ('ONLINE','OFFLINE') ;

If the Undo Segment status shows as 'Needs Recovery' Please refer the document to recover the Undo segment
Unable to Drop Undo tablespace Since Undo Segment is in Needs Recovery ( Doc ID 1295294.1 )

Case 4: If Event 10513 is set.
Check the alert log file if the event 10513 is set.

event="10513 trace name context forever, level 2"

This can be set dynamically as:

SQL> oradebug setorapid
SQL> oradebug event 10513 trace name context forever, level 2

If event 10513 is set, transaction recovery from SMON will be disabled and hence the Undo Segment status wont change. So, if the event is set, restart the database after removing the event and monitor the recovery of the dead transactions.

R emove the event from the init.ora and restart the instance. If it is set dynamically you can turn it off as :

SQL> oradebug setorapid
SQL> oradebug event 10513 trace name context off

Once the event is reset, you can monitor the trasaction recovery progress using:

select KTUXEUSN, KTUXESLT, KTUXESQN, KTUXESTA, KTUXECFL, KTUXESIZ
from x$ktuxe
where KTUXESTA='ACTIVE' and KTUXECFL='DEAD';

You can monitor the recovery using the column KTUXESIZ . This will decrease as the recovery progresses.

Case 5: When FlashBack Data Archiver (FBDA) is enabled
Undo tablespace drop operation is blocked since some transaction is marked to have to be archived for flashback.

1. Check current_scn from v$database after updating tracked table

2. Do not change undo_tablespace parameter

3. select barrierscn from sys_fba_barrierscn;

wait until this scn is greater than scn at step 1

4. After barrierscn become greater, wait one more minute so that FBDA can update transaction table extension

5. Then change undo_tablespace, and drop old one.

For step 3, FBDA will update sys_fba_barrierscn after a while. If you don't want to wait, fastest way is restarting instance.

Case 6: FlashBack Data Archiver (FBDA) was enabled in the past.

In this case also, the Undo marked to have to be archived for flashback. The extents used by transactions with the FBA bit "on" are considered "active" until the archiver has mined the undo and recorded the history for the flashback archive enabled tables as these extents cannot be recycled until the history is recorded.

If the instance parameter "_disable_flashback_archiver" is set, the FBDA processs wont be starting and hence wont process these undo extents.

To verify:

SQL> SELECT a.ksppinm "Parameter",
b.ksppstvl "Session Value",
c.ksppstvl "Instance Value"
FROM sys.x$ksppi a, sys.x$ksppcv b, sys.x$ksppsv c
WHERE a.indx = b.indx
AND a.indx = c.indx
AND a.ksppinm LIKE '%flashback%';

This must be reset and the instance must be restarted.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET "_disable_flashback_archiver"=0 SCOPE=SPFILE;

and restart the instance. This will return the parameter to its default value.