1. 硬件要求
在RHEL/OEL7 Linux上安装MySQL 5.7的硬件要求如下:更多学习教程www.fgedu.net.cn
– CPU:至少2核,推荐4核或以上
– 内存:至少4GB,推荐8GB或以上
– 磁盘空间:至少20GB,推荐50GB或以上
– 网络:千兆网络接口
2. 操作系统准备
在安装MySQL 5.7之前,需要对RHEL/OEL7 Linux进行以下准备:
yum update -y
# 2. 安装必要的依赖
yum install -y wget curl gcc gcc-c++ make cmake bison openssl-devel ncurses-devel
# 3. 关闭防火墙或开放MySQL端口
# 临时关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
# 永久关闭防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld
# 或开放3306端口
# firewall-cmd –zone=public –add-port=3306/tcp –permanent
# firewall-cmd –reload
# 4. 关闭SELinux
# 临时关闭
setenforce 0
# 永久关闭
sed -i ‘s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g’ /etc/selinux/config
# 5. 创建MySQL用户和组
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
3. 下载MySQL 5.7
从MySQL官网下载适合RHEL/OEL7 Linux的MySQL 5.7安装包:
# 选择Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / Oracle Linux 7 (x86, 64-bit), RPM Bundle
# 下载文件名示例:mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
# 下载MySQL 5.7
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
4. 安装MySQL 5.7
按照以下步骤安装MySQL 5.7:
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# 2. 初始化MySQL
mysqld –initialize –user=mysql
# 3. 查看临时密码
grep ‘temporary password’ /var/log/mysqld.log
5. 配置MySQL
安装完成后,需要进行以下配置:
vi /etc/my.cnf
# 2. 配置示例
[mysqld]
# 基础配置
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
server_id=1
# 字符集配置
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
# 性能配置
max_connections=1000
innodb_buffer_pool_size=2G
innodb_log_file_size=256M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2
# 安全配置
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
# 二进制日志配置
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=ROW
expire_logs_days=7
[client]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8mb4
6. 服务管理
MySQL 5.7在RHEL/OEL7 Linux上的服务管理:
systemctl start mysqld
# 停止MySQL服务
systemctl stop mysqld
# 重启MySQL服务
systemctl restart mysqld
# 查看服务状态
systemctl status mysqld
# 设置开机自启
systemctl enable mysqld
7. 性能调优
针对RHEL/OEL7 Linux环境的MySQL 5.7性能调优:
– 根据服务器内存大小调整innodb_buffer_pool_size(建议为内存的50-70%)
– 调整innodb_log_file_size以提高写入性能
– 优化查询语句,添加适当的索引
– 定期优化表结构和分析表
– 调整Linux内核参数以提高性能
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
# 添加以下参数
net.core.somaxconn = 65535
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65535
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 5
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15
# 应用内核参数
sysctl -p
8. 备份策略
MySQL 5.7的备份策略:
mysqldump -u root -p –all-databases –single-transaction > backup_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql
# 2. 定期备份计划
# 创建备份脚本
cat > /root/backup_mysql.sh << EOF
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)
BACKUP_DIR="/backup/mysql"
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR
mysqldump -u root -p"fgedudb123" --all-databases --single-transaction > $BACKUP_DIR/backup_$DATE.sql
gzip $BACKUP_DIR/backup_$DATE.sql
# 删除7天前的备份
find $BACKUP_DIR -name “backup_*.sql.gz” -mtime +7 -delete
EOF
# 赋予执行权限
chmod +x /root/backup_mysql.sh
# 添加到crontab,每天凌晨2点执行
crontab -e
0 2 * * * /root/backup_mysql.sh
9. 安全设置
MySQL 5.7的安全设置:
mysql_secure_installation
# 2. 创建专用用户并授权
mysql -u root -p
CREATE USER ‘fgedu’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘fgedudb123’;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘fgedu’@’localhost’ WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
# 3. 限制远程访问
# 在my.cnf中添加
bind-address=127.0.0.1
# 4. 定期更新密码
# 每90天更新一次root密码
ALTER USER ‘root’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘new_password’;
10. 验证安装
验证MySQL 5.7是否安装成功:
mysql -u root -p
# 2. 查看版本
mysql> SELECT VERSION();
+———–+
| VERSION() |
+———–+
| 5.7.36 |
+———–+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 3. 创建测试数据库
mysql> CREATE DATABASE fgedudb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
# 4. 创建测试表
mysql> USE fgedudb;
Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE fgedu_users (
-> id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
-> age INT,
-> email VARCHAR(100)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
# 5. 插入测试数据
mysql> INSERT INTO fgedu_users (name, age, email) VALUES (‘测试用户’, 25, ‘test@fgedu.net.cn’);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
# 6. 查询测试数据
mysql> SELECT * FROM fgedu_users;
+—-+———–+—–+———————+
| id | name | age | email |
+—-+———–+—–+———————+
| 1 | 测试用户 | 25 | test@fgedu.net.cn |
+—-+———–+—–+———————+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 7. 退出MySQL
mysql> EXIT
– 定期备份数据
– 开启二进制日志用于Point-in-Time Recovery
– 监控MySQL的运行状态
– 定期检查并优化数据库性能
– 定期更新MySQL到最新版本以获得安全补丁
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