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本文档介绍存储多路径（Multipath）的配置和管理方法。
风哥提示：
Part01-多路径基础
1.1 安装多路径软件
[root@server ~]# dnf install -y device-mapper-multipath
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:05:23 ago on Fri Apr 4 20:30:00 2026.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository
================================================================================
Installing:
device-mapper-multipath x86_64 0.8.7-10.el9 baseos
device-mapper-multipath-libs x86_64 0.8.7-10.el9 baseos
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 2 Packages
Total download size: 500 k
Installed size: 1.5 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): device-mapper-multipath-0.8.7-10.el9.x86_64.rpm 500 kB/s | 200 kB
(2/2): device-mapper-multipath-libs-0.学习交流加群风哥QQ1132571748.7-10.el9.x86_64 500 kB/s | 300 kB
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 2 Packages
Total download size: 500 k
Installed size: 1.5 M
Downloading Packages:
Total 1.0 MB/s | 500 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/2
Installing : device-mapper-multipath-libs-0.8.7-10.el9.x86_64 1/2
Installing : device-mapper-multipath-0.8.7-10.el9.x86_64 2/2
Running scriptlet: device-mapper-multipath-0.8.7-10.el9.更多视频教程www.fgedu.net.cnx86_64 2/2
Verifying : device-mapper-multipath-libs-0.8.7-10.el9.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : device-mapper-multipath-0.8.7-10.el9.x86_64 2/2
Installed:
device-mapper-multipath-0.8.7-10.el9.x86_64
device-mapper-mu学习交流加群风哥微信: itpux-comltipath-libs-0.8.7-10.el9.x86_64
Complete!
# 启用多路径
[root@server ~]# mpathconf –enable
[root@server ~]# ls /etc/multipath.conf
/etc/multipath.conf
# 启动服务
[root@server ~]# systemctl enable –now multipathd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/multipathd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/multipathd.service.
# 查看服务状态
[root@server ~]# systemctl status multipathd
● multipathd.service – Device-Mapper Multipath Device Controller
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/multipathd.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2026-04-04 20:35:00 CST; 10s ago
Main PID: 12345 (multipathd)
Tasks: 7 (limit: 11232)
Memory: 10.0M
CGroup: /system.slice/multipathd.service
└─12345 /sbin/multipathd -d -s
1.2 多路径配置文件
[root@server ~]# cat /etc/multipath.conf
defaults {
user_friendly_names yes
find_multipaths yes
}
blacklist {
}
# 完整配置示例
[root@server ~]# cat > /etc/multipath.conf << 'EOF'
defaults {
user_friendly_names yes
find_multipaths yes
path_grouping_policy multibus
path_selector "round-robin 0"
path_checker tur
failback immediate
no_path_retry 30
rr_min_io 1000
rr_weight uniform
prio alua
features "0"
}
blacklist {
devnode "^sda"
devnode "^sr"
wwid ".*"
}
blacklist_exceptions {
wwid "36001405b5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c"
}
multipaths {
multipath {
wwid "36001405b5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c"
alias data_storage
path_grouping_policy multibus
path_selector "round-robin 0"
failback immediate
rr_weight uniform
no_path_retry 30
}
}
devices {
device {
vendor "LIO-ORG"
product "storage"
path_grouping_policy multibus
path_selector "round-robin 0"
failback immediate
rr_weight uniform
no_path_retry 30
}
}
EOF
# 重启服务
[root@server ~]# systemctl restart multipathd
# 验证配置
[root@server ~]# multipath -t
defaults {
user_friendly_names "yes"
find_multipaths "yes"
path_grouping_policy "multibus"
path_selector "round-robin 0"
path_checker "tur"
failback "immediate"
no_path_retry "30"
rr_min_io "1000"
rr_weight "uniform"
prio "alua"
features "0"
}
Part02-多路径管理
2.1 查看多路径设备
[root@server ~]# multipath -v2
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdb: size = 1073741824
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdc: size = 1073741824
mpatha (36001405b5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c) LIO-ORG,storage
# 查看详细信息
[root@server ~]# multipath -ll
mpatha (36001405b5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c) dm-0 LIO-ORG,storage
size=1.0T features=’0′ hwhandler=’1 alua’ wp=0
`-+- policy=’round-robin 0′ prio=50 status=active
|- 33:0:0:1 sdb 8:16 active ready running
`- 34:0:0:1 sdc 8:32 active ready running
# 查看设备映射
[root@server ~]# dmsetup ls –target multipath
mpatha (253:0)
# 查看设备信息
[root@server ~]# lsblk | grep mpath
mpatha 253:0 0 1T 0 mpath
# 查看WWID
[root@server ~]# /lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sdb
36001405b5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c
[root@server ~]# /lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sdc
36001405b5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c
# 查看路径状态
[root@server ~]# multipath -v3
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdb: size = 1073741824
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdb: serial = 36001405b5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdb: vendor = LIO-ORG
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdb: product = storage
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdb: rev = 4.0
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdb: hwhandler = 1 alua
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdb: path checker = tur
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdb: state = active ready running
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdc: size = 1073741824
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdc: serial = 36001405b5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdc: vendor = LIO-ORG
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdc: product = storage
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdc: rev = 4.0
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdc: hwhandler = 1 alua
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdc: path checker = tur
Apr 04 20:40:00 | sdc: state = active ready running
2.2 多路径故障处理
[root@server ~]# multipath -f mpatha
[root@server ~]# multipath -v2
mpatha (36001405b5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c) LIO-ORG,storage
# 查看故障状态
[root@server ~]# multipath -ll
mpatha (36001405b5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c) dm-0 LIO-ORG,storage
size=1.0T features=’0′ hwhandler=’1 alua’ wp=0
`-+- policy=’round-robin 0′ prio=50 status=active
|- 33:0:0:1 sdb 8:16 failed faulty running
`- 34:0:0:1 sdc 8:32 active ready running
# 恢复路径
[root@server ~]# multipath -r mpatha
Apr 04 20:45:00 | mpatha: map in use
# 强制重新配置
[root@server ~]# multipath -F
Apr 04 20:45:00 | mpatha: map in use
[root@server ~]# multipath -v2
# 查看多路径状态
[root@server ~]# multipath -ll
mpatha (36001405b5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c) dm-0 LIO-ORG,storage
size=1.0T features=’0′ hwhandler=’1 alua’ wp=0
`-+- policy=’round-robin 0′ prio=50 status=active
|- 33:0:0:1 sdb 8:16 active ready running
`- 34:0:0:1 sdc 8:32 active ready running
# 添加新路径
[root@server ~]# multipath -v2
Apr 04 20:45:00 | sdd: size = 1073741824
Apr 04 20:45:00 | sdd: serial = 36001405b5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c
Apr 04 20:45:00 | sdd: vendor = LIO-ORG
Apr 04 20:45:00 | sdd: product = storage
[root@server ~]# multipath -ll
mpatha (36001405b5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c5c) dm-0 LIO-ORG,storage
size=1.0T features=’0′ hwhandler=’1 alua’ wp=0
`-+- policy=’round-robin 0′ prio=50 status=active
|- 33:0:0:1 sdb 8:16 active ready running
|- 34:0:0:1 sdc 8:32 active ready running
`- 35:0:0:1 sdd 8:48 active ready running
- 使用友好的设备名称
- 配置路径故障重试策略
- 启用负载均衡策略
- 定期检查路径状态
- 配置黑名单排除本地磁盘
本文由风哥教程整理发布,仅用于学习测试使用,转载注明出处:http://www.fgedu.net.cn/10327.html
