# 配置字符集
[root@fgedu.net.cn ~]# cat >> /etc/my.cnf << 'EOF'
# 字符集配置
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
init-connect = ‘SET NAMES utf8mb4’
skip-character-set-client-handshake
EOF
# 重启服务
[root@fgedu.net.cn ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
# 验证字符集配置
[root@fgedu.net.cn ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘%character%’;
+————————–+—————————-+
| Variable_name | Value |
+————————–+—————————-+
| character_set_client | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_database | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_server | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+————————–+—————————-+
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘%collation%’;
+———————-+——————–+
| Variable_name | Value |
+———————-+——————–+
| collation_connection | utf8mb4_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8mb4_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8mb4_general_ci |
+———————-+——————–+

# 检查系统时区
[root@fgedu.net.cn ~]# timedatectl
Local time: Mon 2026-04-07 15:00:00 CST
Universal time: Mon 2026-04-07 07:00:00 UTC
RTC time: Mon 2026-04-07 07:00:00
Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
systemd-timesyncd.service active: yes
RTC in local TZ: no
# 安装时区数据
[root@fgedu.net.cn ~]# mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo | mysql -u root -p mysql
Enter password:
# 配置数据库时区
[root@fgedu.net.cn ~]# cat >> /etc/my.cnf << 'EOF'
# 时区配置
default-time-zone = ‘+08:00’
EOF
# 重启服务
[root@fgedu.net.cn ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
# 验证时区配置
[root@fgedu.net.cn ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘%time_zone%’;
+——————+——–+
| Variable_name | Value |
+——————+——–+
| system_time_zone | CST |
| time_zone | +08:00 |
+——————+——–+
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT NOW();
+———————+
| NOW() |
+———————+
| 2026-04-07 15:05:00 |
+———————+

# 创建数据库（指定字符集）
[root@fgedu.net.cn ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE fgedudb
-> CHARACTER SET utf8mb4
-> COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
# 创建用户
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER ‘fgedu’@’fgedu.localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘YourStrongPassword!123’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 授权
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON fgedudb.* TO ‘fgedu’@’fgedu.localhost’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 创建测试表（指定字符集）
MariaDB [(none)]> USE fgedudb;
Database changed
MariaDB [fgedudb]> CREATE TABLE fgedu_users (
-> id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> name VARCHAR(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4,
-> email VARCHAR(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4,
-> created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
# 插入测试数据
MariaDB [fgedudb]> INSERT INTO fgedu_users (name, email) VALUES
-> (‘张三’, ‘zhangsan@fgedu.net.cn’),
-> (‘李四’, ‘lisi@fgedu.net.cn’),
-> (‘王五’, ‘wangwu@fgedu.net.cn’);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0